A family-based approach has emerged as an important strategy for enhancing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) control at the primary health care level. Objective: To examine the optimization of pulmonary tuberculosis control through a family-centered approach in the working area of Pesanggaran Primary Health Care, Banyuwangi. Methods: Data were collected through interviews, home observations, and assessments of environmental risk factors, health behaviors, and family support. The interventions provided included health education, improving medication adherence, improving home ventilation, and involving family members as treatment supporters (medication-taking supervisors/PMOs). Results: The results showed that a family-based approach was able to improve patients’ and families’ understanding of tuberculosis (TB), enhance treatment adherence, and reduce the risk factors for transmission within the home environment. Optimal family support contributed to treatment success and the prevention of complications. Conclusion: A family-based approach is effective in optimizing the control of pulmonary tuberculosis at the primary healthcare level. Integration of this approach into community health center (puskesmas) programs should be strengthened as a comprehensive strategy for TB control in the community. Keywords: family-centered approach, primary health care, pulmonary tuberculosis, treatment adherence
RSKB Ropanasuri has experienced a decline in service performance over the past two years, reflected by decreases in outpatient visits, surgical procedures, inpatient admissions, and bed utilization. Changes in the National Health Insurance (JKN) policy, digital transformation, technological advances, and increasing competition require the development of an adaptive strategic plan. Objective: To formulate the strategic plan for RSKB Ropanasuri for the 2026–2030 period. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study employed in-depth interviews, document reviews, observations, and the Consensus Decision Making Group (CDMG) approach. Strategic analysis was conducted using the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE), External Factor Evaluation (EFE), SWOT, Internal–External (IE), and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Results: The IFE score of 2.59 and EFE score of 2.63 positioned RSKB Ropanasuri in Cell V of the IE Matrix (hold and maintain). Priority strategies included organizational transformation and capacity development, enhancement of specialized surgical services, and diversification of non-JKN revenue sources. Conclusion: The 2026–2030 strategic plan focuses on strengthening internal capacity, expanding specialized services, and diversifying revenue to improve competitiveness, service quality, and long-term sustainability. Keywords: QSPM, specialized surgical hospital, strategic planning
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) requires hemodialysis therapy. It obliges patients to undergo complex and lifelong treatments, resulting in physical, psychological, and social limitations. Patients frequently experience depression, either at the time of diagnosis or during the course of therapy. To optimize quality of life and survival, self-management behaviors, such as active participation in self-care, are essential for achieving optimal health and preventing further complications during treatment. Objective: To determine the relationship between depression and self-management behavior among hemodialysis patients at RSD KRMT Wongsonegoro, Semarang city. Methods: This study employed a quantitative analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects were 50 hemodialysis patients at RSD KRMT Wongsonegoro, Semarang City, selected using a total sampling technique based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through interviews using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Hemodialysis Patient Self-Care Measurement Scale. The relationship between variables was analyzed using Spearman’s Rank correlation test. Results: The majority of respondents had normal levels of depression (25; 50%), and most had moderate levels of self-management (36; 72%). Spearman’s Rank test showed a significant relationship between depression and self-management among hemodialysis patients at RSD KRMT Wongsonegoro (p = 0.044; r = 0.286), indicating a weak correlation. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between depression and self-management behavior among hemodialysis patients at RSD KRMT Wongsonegoro, Semarang City. Keywords: depression, hemodialysis, self-management
Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is one of the most common maternal health problems during pregnancy. It contributes substantially to maternal and fetal morbidity. Iron deficiency may impair maternal immune function, thereby increasing susceptibility to urinary tract infections (UTIs). Objective: To evaluate the association between IDA and the risk of UTIs among pregnant women. Methods: This study was developed in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library, targeting studies published between 2015 and 2025 using keywords related to iron deficiency anemia, pregnancy, and urinary tract infection. Article selection involved identification, title and abstract screening, and full-text eligibility assessment according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eligible studies were analyzed narratively. Results: A total of 742 articles were identified during the initial search process, of which 7 studies met the inclusion criteria for final analysis. Most studies demonstrated that pregnant women with IDA had a higher risk of asymptomatic bacteriuria and UTIs compared with non-anemic pregnant women. Significant associations were reported between low hemoglobin levels and increased maternal UTI incidence. Additional factors influencing the occurrence of UTIs included gestational age, nutritional status, parity, and access to antenatal care services. Conclusion: IDA may increase the risk of UTIs through impaired maternal immune function and physiological alterations of the urinary tract during pregnancy. Keywords: asymptomatic bacteriuria, iron deficiency anemia, pregnancy, pregnant women, urinary tract infection
Smoking is a lifestyle risk factor that disrupts ocular surface homeostasis through toxic exposure to the tear film and systemic effects on lacrimal gland function. Objective: To determine the association between smoking intensity and dry eye syndrome among young adult male active smokers. Methods: This analytic observational study employed a cross-sectional design and enrolled 65 subjects (130 eyes) from 297 male students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung. Smoking intensity was categorized into mild, moderate, and heavy. Clinical evaluation included the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Tear Break-Up Time (TBUT) test, and Schirmer I test. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Somers’d coefficient (p < 0.05). Results: The mean subject age was 20.02 ± 1.36 years. Dry eye syndrome affected 81 eyes (62.3%). A significant association was found between smoking intensity and dry eye syndrome (p < 0.001), with a moderate strength of association (d = 0.490). Dry eye occurrence increased with smoking intensity: 36.7% in the mild group, 83.3% in the moderate group, and 86.4% in the heavy group. Conclusion: Smoking intensity is significantly associated with dry eye syndrome among young adult male active smokers. Ocular surface disruption was found to worsen as smoking intensity increased. Practitioners should conduct routine screening and provide smoking cessation education from a young age. Comprehensive prevention is warranted, considering the mild group already exhibits a high incidence of dry eye. Keywords: active smokers, dry eye syndrome, ocular surface, risk factor, smoking intensity
