Mangrove ecosystems are among the most carbon-rich coastal ecosystems, storing substantial amounts of carbon in biomass and sediments. The Gambesi mangrove forest, located on the southern coast of Ternate Island, North Maluku, Indonesia, plays an important ecological role in coastal protection, biodiversity support, and climate change mitigation, yet it faces mounting anthropogenic pressure from land conversion, household waste, and coastal abrasion. This study aims to estimate the carbon stock of the Gambesi mangrove forest and to analyze its contribution to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). Data were collected from five 10 m × 10 m observation plots using purposive sampling. Tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and species composition were recorded. Above-ground biomass (AGB) was calculated using species-specific allometric equations, and carbon stock was derived using a carbon conversion factor of 0.47. The results indicate that the total carbon stock of the Gambesi mangrove forest estimated at the results show that a total carbon stock of above-ground is 200.47 ton/ha (CO₂-eq is 735.72 ton/ha) and below-ground is 391.18 tons/ha of SOC (CO2-eq 1435.64 tons/ha). This area is dominated by the species Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia alba. These findings confirm the substantial climate mitigation value of the remaining mangrove stands in Gambesi and protection as a concrete local contribution to national and global SDG targets.
One of the factors that influence the hydrological dynamics of a watershed is land use change, especially those related to water yield and river flow stability. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of land use changes during the period 2018–2023 on water production and the River Regime Coefficient (RRC) in the Minraleng Sub-Watershed, Upper Walanae Watershed. Land cover change analysis was conducted using Sentinel-2 images from 2018 and 2023, while hydrological response was analyzed using the standard Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with inputs of climate, soil, topography, and land use data. Research results show that during the period 2018–2023, there was a decrease in mixed dryland agriculture, followed by an increase in secondary dryland forests and rice fields. SWAT simulations show that an increase in annual rainfall is followed by an increase in surface runoff, average discharge, and maximum discharge, while minimum discharge experiences a significant decrease. The condition of the watershed indicates that the ability to maintain base flow during the dry season has decreased. The value of the River Regime Coefficient (RRC) increased as a result of greater surface runoff, indicating an increase in river discharge variation between the rainy and dry seasons. The validation results based on community interviews show that the simulation model results are aligned. The hydrological stability of the Minraleng Sub-Watershed tends to decrease due to land-use changes and increased rainfall.
This study examines unequal value capture within the pine resin value chain as a locally important non-timber forest product (NTFP) in rural Indonesia (Sasaka Village, West Sulawesi Province). Using a quantitative descriptive approach, data were collected through field observations, interviews, and a census of 33 active resin tappers, complemented by information from intermediaries and processing industries. The analysis identifies three main marketing channels involving farmers, intermediaries, and a processing industry that transforms raw resin into higher-value products, namely rosin (gondorukem) and turpentine. Results show that both marketing and profit margins are highly uneven across the value chain. While farmers receive a stable price of IDR 10,000/kg, the processing industry captures the largest share of value, with margins reaching IDR 13,000/kg for rosin and IDR 63,000/kg for turpentine. Profit margins are similarly concentrated at the industrial level, particularly for turpentine (IDR 60,288/kg), reflecting economies of scale, processing capacity, and access to export markets. These findings demonstrate clear unequal value capture within the pine resin value chain, where upstream actors receive a relatively small share of the total economic benefits despite their critical role in production. This pattern indicates structural inefficiencies and imbalances in the marketing system. Strengthening farmer bargaining power, improving access to processing technologies, and promoting more equitable market linkages are essential to enhance inclusiveness and ensure the long-term sustainability of NTFP-based livelihoods.
Agroforestry has been widely recognized as a sustainable land-use system that integrates economic, ecological, and social functions. However, the effectiveness of agroforestry management is influenced not only by biophysical and economic factors but also by gender dynamics that shape labor division, participation, and decision-making within households. This study aimed to analyze gender roles in coffee agroforestry management in the Boritallasa Community Forestry Area (Hutan Kemasyarakatan/HKm Boritallasa), Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A case study approach combining descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods was employed. Data were collected from 20 respondents through structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and field observations. Gender roles were analyzed using the Moser Gender Analysis Framework, which classifies activities into productive, reproductive, and community roles, while participation patterns were examined through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The results revealed distinct gender-based patterns in coffee agroforestry management. Men were more actively involved in land preparation, planting, and crop maintenance activities, whereas women showed higher participation in harvesting and post-harvest handling. Reproductive activities, including cooking, house cleaning, laundry, and household financial management, were predominantly carried out by women, indicating the persistence of gendered domestic responsibilities. In community-related activities, men participated more frequently in farmer group meetings and collective activities, while women demonstrated increasing involvement in extension and training programs. Decision-making patterns varied according to the type of activity, with men exerting greater influence over technical farming decisions, whereas decisions related to marketing and income utilization were more commonly made jointly by household members. These findings suggest that coffee agroforestry management in the Boritallasa Community Forestry Area is characterized by a complementary division of labor and increasing collaboration in household decision-making. Understanding these gender dynamics is important for designing more inclusive agroforestry and social forestry interventions that recognize the contributions of both women and men and support equitable participation in sustainable resource management.
The Battang forest area in Palopo City faces ecological sustainability challenges due to pressure from human activities and low conservation awareness. Therefore, an integrated management approach combining ecotourism strategies, conservation awareness, and social participation is required to support forest conservation and ecological stability. This study aims to analyze the integrated role of ecotourism strategies, conservation awareness, and social participation in supporting forest conservation and ecological stability in the Battang area. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey method of 280 respondents consisting of members of forest farmer groups, local tourism actors, traditional leaders, and communities around the forest area. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships among variables. The results showed that conservation awareness (p = 0.000) and social participation (p = 0.000) significantly influenced forest conservation, while ecotourism strategies did not significantly influence (p = 0.193). However, all three independent variables significantly influenced ecological stability, with social participation as the most dominant factor (p = 0.000). The R² values of 0.779 for forest conservation and 0.810 for ecological stability indicate strong model predictive power. The findings indicate that conservation awareness and community participation are key drivers of forest conservation and ecological stability. Furthermore, the effectiveness of ecotourism initiatives depends strongly on social support and the presence of conservation-oriented values that encourage sustainable and non-exploitative resource use.
