A series of Eu3+-doped CdGd4(SiO4)(3)O (CGSO) apatite structured red phosphors were synthesized by high-temperature solid-phase method. The CGSO phosphors activated with Eu3+ ions produce intense red emission under 394-nm excitation, which originates from the D-5(0) -> F-7(J) transitions. The energy transfer process, analyzed through the Inokuti-Hirayama model and Dexter theory, was verified to be primarily a nearest neighbor ion interaction. These materials also possess outstanding characteristics, with measured values including a color purity above 99.5%, an internal quantum yield of 67.28%, and an activation energy (E-a) of 0.32-eV. Electro-optical characterization of the developed white light-emitting diode (w-LED) revealed a color rendering index (R-a) up to 85, demonstrating its high performance. Furthermore, this material also enables high-contrast latent fingerprint imaging with Level I-III ridge detail on multicolored surfaces. The CGSO:Eu3+ phosphors exhibit favorable solid-state luminescence characteristics and simultaneously provide an exceptional platform for forensic detection applications.
ABSTRACT The development of selective and low‐cost sensing strategies for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is of significant importance for environmental monitoring, workplace safety, and public health. Herein, we report a simple and efficient cataluminescence (CTL) sensor for diethyl ether detection using graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C 3 N 4 ) as a metal‐free catalyst. Under optimized operating conditions (air flow rate: 250 mL min −1 , temperature: 168.5°C, vaporization temperature: 140°C, catalyst coating thickness: 0.1 mm), the sensor exhibited a strong and characteristic CTL emission toward diethyl ether. A linear response was obtained in the concentration range of 2.0–55.0 mM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 mM (S/ N = 3). The sensor exhibited outstanding selectivity over common interfering VOCs (e.g., ethanol, acetone, and formaldehyde) and high operational stability (RSD = 2.89% over 30 consecutive measurements). The practicality of the sensor was validated by the analysis of artificial samples with satisfactory recoveries (99.9%–101.9%). This work not only provides a simple and cost‐effective platform for diethyl ether detection but also highlights the promising potential of nonmetallic carbon nitride materials in the development of sustainable CTL sensors.
ABSTRACT This study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AR‐AgNPs) using Arum rupicula Boiss leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilising agent and evaluates their influence on the photovoltaic performance of nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc)‐based dye‐sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). The formation and physicochemical properties of the AR‐AgNPs were investigated using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesised nanoparticles exhibited a maximum absorption wavelength of 451 nm, an optical band gap of approximately 2.1 eV, a mean particle size of 50.03 ± 13.51 nm and a crystallite size of 57.73 nm. To investigate the effect of AR‐AgNP incorporation on DSSC performance, NiPc‐based photosensitizer systems containing 0, 15 and 30 mg of AR‐AgNPs were prepared. The undoped NiPc‐based DSSC exhibited a power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.39%. The addition of 15 mg of AR‐AgNPs increased the PCE to 4.01%, corresponding to a relative improvement of 18.29%. Increasing the AR‐AgNPs loading to 30 mg further enhanced the PCE to 4.71%, representing a 38.94% improvement compared with the undoped NiPc‐based device. These findings demonstrate that results obtained using the green synthesis method offer better hybrid DSSC performance.
ABSTRACT Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), as one of the key reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays dual roles as a signaling molecule and a mediator of oxidative damage in biological systems. Abnormal accumulation of H 2 O 2 is closely associated with metabolic disorders, particularly diabetes, in which excessive oxidative stress can contribute to cellular dysfunction and disease progression. Therefore, effective strategies for monitoring dynamic changes in intracellular H 2 O 2 are important for understanding redox‐related pathological processes. Herein, we developed a H 2 O 2 ‐responsive fluorescent probe (HOP) for real‐time visualization of intracellular oxidative stress. HOP exhibited good biocompatibility and enabled fluorescence imaging of both exogenous and endogenous H 2 O 2 in living 3T3 cells. In addition, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) revealed distinct changes in fluorescence lifetime upon H 2 O 2 activation. By combining fluorescence intensity–based imaging with lifetime imaging, H 2 O 2 ‐associated oxidative stress in diabetic cells could be visualized from complementary optical readouts. This work provides a molecular imaging tool for investigating dynamic changes in H 2 O 2 and offers insights into oxidative stress–associated metabolic disorders.
ABSTRACT In terms of the superior performance of biomass carbon dots (CDs) and the great importance of trinitrophenol (PA) detection, CDs derived from willow leaves in aqueous solution were synthesized through a hydrothermal method at 180°C for 6 h. The spherical CDs were uniformly dispersed with an average size of about 3.1 nm. Combined with different characterization results, the CDs possessed multiple functional groups that were beneficial for fluorescence recognition effects. The stable CDs emitted blue fluorescence around 448 nm under an excitation wavelength of 376 nm. Encouraged by static quenching and the inner filter effect, the CDs displayed noticeable sensitivity and selectivity toward PA measurement with a linear range of 0.5–200 μM. More importantly, the CDs displayed satisfactory recoveries (96.97%–103.33%) and low RSD values (< 4%) for PA detection in real samples.
