Triglyceride-glucose index (TyGI) is a novel biomarker for diagnostic and prognostic processes. TyGI, together with magnesium level and The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI; used to predict long-term survival), is associated with morbidity and mortality. As type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with hypomagnesaemia, magnesium may therefore be related to TyGI and CCI in patients with T2DM. To compare hypomagnesemia and normomagnesemia in terms of TyGI and CCI, and to investigate the correlation of magnesium with TyGI and CCI in patients with T2DM. T2DM patients (n=194) were divided into hypomagnesaemia (n=58) and normomagnesaemia (n=136) groups depending on serum magnesium level. TyGI was calculated with the formula, Ln[fasting triglyceride (mg/dL)×fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. TyGI, CCI, and laboratory parameters were compared between the groups. Correlation analysis was performed between magnesium and other parameters. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, BMI, T2DM duration, medication, comorbidities, or laboratory parameters (p>0.05). However, the hypomagnesaemia group had significantly increased TyGI (p=0.014) and CCI (p=0.044). There was also a significant negative correlation between magnesium and parameters including T2DM duration (r:-155; p=0.031), glucose (r:-214; p=0.003), HbA1c (r:-195; p=0.007), TyGI (r:-0.207; p=0.004), and CCI (r:-0.177; p=0.014). TyGI and CCI are increased in T2DM patients with hypomagnesaemia, and magnesium is associated with TyGI and CCI. These novel findings should be further investigated in future studies.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration on core body temperature (BT) changes in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgery under propofol-based total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA). Data from 120 female patients, aged 20-65, who underwent laparoscopic gynaecological surgery between March 2021 and February 2024, were analysed retrospectively. Patients were divided into Mg (n=49) and non-Mg (n=71) groups. The Mg group received MgSO4 (50 mg/kg in 100-mL isotonic saline over 15 minutes) during induction, followed by a continuous infusion (15 mg/kg/h). Core BT was recorded using tympanic thermometer and oesophageal probes: pre-anaesthesia (BT0), 5 minutes post-induction (BT5), every 15 minutes (BT15 ~ BT105), and at emergence (BT120). All patients were warmed using both a circulating-water mattress and a forced-air warming blanket. BT0 was comparable between groups. BT decreased over time in both groups (p < 0.001). The Mg group had significantly lower BT at BT5 (p = 0.031), BT15 (p = 0.004), BT30 (p = 0.011), and BT45 (p = 0.016). However, the rate of temperature change over time between groups was comparable. The incidence of post-anaesthetic shivering was significantly lower in the Mg group (19.7% vs 6.1%, p = 0.036). During propofol-based TIVA, MgSO4 administration reduced BT at early time points during surgery, while the rate of temperature change over time was not significantly affected by MgSO4 administration. Notably, the incidence of shivering was significantly lower in the Mg group.
Studies on magnesium and bone health in the literature are conflicting. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between Magnesium Deficiency Score (MDS) and indicators of hip bone health in adults. This study analysed data from the NHANES in 13,259 US adults aged ≥20 years. Outcome measures included bone mineral density (BMD) (total femur, femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, and Ward's triangle), osteoporosis, history of hip fracture, and FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) score. Weighted linear regression and logistic regression models were used to assess the association between MDS and the outcomes. Trend tests were also performed to analyse the presence of a dose-response relationship. Subgroup analyses were performed by age and sex. After adjusting for all covariates, we found a significant age-stratified effect between MDS and hip bone health. In the elderly population aged ≥60 years, there was a higher risk of decline in Ward's triangle and femoral neck BMD, a higher risk of osteoporosis (OR =1.27, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.50; P trend =0.006), and higher FRAX scores as MDS scores increased. However, this negative effect was significantly attenuated in individuals <60 years. No association was found between MDS and a history of hip fracture. In addition, no sex-stratified effect was found between MDS and the outcome measures described above. The risk of severe magnesium deficiency significantly affects hip bone health in older adults, increasing the risk of subsequent fractures. Future studies should explore more detailed mechanisms associated with the role of magnesium in skeletal physiology and pathology.
Hypomagnesemia, a common condition, frequently goes unnoticed due to varying symptom severity. In the hospital setting, the link between adverse drug reactions and hypomagnesemia is not always clear, and some drug labels omit this risk, compounding the potential danger. We conducted a cross-sectional study by mining data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) covering Q1 2004 to Q4 2023. Using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities, we identified cases of hypomagnesemia, determined the signal drugs causing hypomagnesemia based on the drug name, and employed descriptive and disproportionality analysis methods for signal detection. From 17,381,220 adverse event reports, 11,228 individual safety reports (ISRs) involving hypomagnesemia were identified. Omeprazole led with 1,556 reports (20.75%), followed by pantoprazole, panitumumab, cetuximab, and esomeprazole. Disproportionality analysis revealed necitumumab as the drug with the strongest signal, followed by capreomycin, panitumumab, pantoprazole, and omeprazole. Among the top 50 drugs from the disproportionality analysis, 31 signal drugs had labels that did not mention the risk of hypomagnesemia. We issue warnings regarding drugs associated with specific combination therapies that cause adverse reactions leading to hypomagnesemia. Furthermore, to delve deeper into the relationship between drugs and hypomagnesemia, reliance on more credible research in this field is required.
