Introduction with Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy affecting both mother and fetus and is responsible for several adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of sociodemographic factor, obstetric factor and BMI in the development of GDM. Materials and Methods: In this case control study, 50 pregnant women with GDM (case group) and 50 normal pregnant women (control group) were selected from Obstetrics & Gynecology outpatient department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital by purposive sampling technique. Results: The study compared sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, along with body mass index (BMI), between women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal pregnant women. Among the sociodemographic variables, mean age was significantly higher in women with GDM, whereas no significant differences were observed in educational level, median monthly family income, or residential status between the two groups. Regarding obstetric characteristics, the majority of participants in both groups were multigravida, and the mean gestational age was approximately 27 weeks, showing no statistically significant difference. In terms of BMI, there was no significant difference in mean (±SD) BMI between cases and controls (p = 0.053). However, a large proportion of participants in both groups were classified as overweight, accounting for 80.0% of cases and 72.0% of controls. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that advanced maternal age is significantly associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, while other sociodemographic factors, obstetric characteristics, and body mass index did not show a statistically significant association. Medicine Today 2026, Vol.38 (2): 193-195
Introduction: Glomerulonephritis (GN) is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Glomerular disorders constitute one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. However, exact pattern of glomerular diseases is always less well understood without renal biopsy. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the morphological pattern of glomerular diseases among patients attending at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Nephrology, Bangaladesh Medical University (BMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2021 to December 2022. A total of 184 patients with proteinuria were enrolled. All study patients were evaluated by history, clinical examination and relevant investigations. Their kidney biopsy was done accordingly. Morphological pattern of glomerulonephritis (GN) was assessed after getting the histopathology report. Results: Among 184 study patients 53.8% were male and 46.2% were female. Mean age of the study patients was 31.81 ± 10.65 years. Their mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.53±3.54 kg/m2, mean body surface area (BSA) was 1.58±0.16 m2, mean systolic blood pressure was 135.52 ± 10.05 mmHg and mean diastolic blood pressure was 80.58 ± 10.65 mmHg. It was observed that, Proliferative Glomerulonephritis was the predominant histopathological category (76%); IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) was the most common subtype (80, 43.47%) followed by Lupus Nephritis [LN (20.65%)], Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis [MPGN (6.52%)], IgM Nephropathy [IgMN (2.17%)], Crescentic Glomerulonephritis (1.63%) and C1q Nephropathy (1.63%). Among non-proliferative diseases, Membranous Nephropathy (MN) was most common (15.21%), followed by Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [FSGS) (6.52%)] and Minimal Change Disease [MCD (2.71%)]. Conclusion: This study reveals that, among Bangladeshi population Proliferative Glomerulonephritis constituted the predominant (76%) histopathological category; IgA Nephropathy is the most frequent verity followed by Lupus Nephritis, Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis, IgM nephropathy, Crescentic Glomerulonephritis and C1q Nephropathy. In the Non-Proliferative group; Membranous Nephropathy is the commonest form followed by Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and Minimal Change Disease. Medicine Today 2026, Vol.38 (2): 168-173
Introduction: The Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) at General Hospital, Cumilla plays an essential role in promoting the health status and functional capacity of patients. Established in 2021 and formally inaugurated in 2022, the department has continued to provide comprehensive rehabilitation services despite limited resources. Objective: This study aims to describe the infrastructure, services, and patient demographic and disease profile of the PMR department at General Hospital, Cumilla. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted in the PMR department of General Hospital, Cumilla, covering the period from July 2023 to June 2024. Results: The department is currently staffed by 2 rehabilitation physicians (physiatrists), 1 medical officer, 2 physical therapists, and 1 medical technologist, who together provide indoor, outdoor, and specialized PMR services across 2 indoor beds. A total of 24,789 patients (n=24,789) received services during the study period, of whom 37% were male and 63% were female. By age, 2% were under 18 years, 60.5% were 19–45 years, 28% were 46–60 years, and 9.5% were above 60 years. Non-specific low back pain was the leading diagnosis (22.68%), followed by knee osteoarthritis (16.22%), lumbar spondylosis (12.12%), adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (6.18%), neck pain (5.40%), soft tissue disorders (5.14%), cervical spondylosis (4.74%), knee sprain (4.72%), axial spondyloarthritis (3.78%), lumbar intervertebral disc derangement/PLID (2.70%), plantar fasciitis (2.07%), and rheumatoid arthritis (1.52%), with Bell's palsy and the remaining musculoskeletal, rheumatologic, and neurological conditions—including menopausal disorders, hip pain, stroke/cerebrovascular disease, ankle sprain, unspecified musculoskeletal disorder, musculoskeletal chest pain, spondylolisthesis, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and septic arthritis—together accounting for the remaining 12.73% of cases. Conclusion: The PMR department of General Hospital, Cumilla continues to improve the quality of life of patients with physical disabilities. Sustained investment in service growth and patient care reflects the department's ongoing commitment to rehabilitation medicine. Medicine Today 2026, Vol.38 (2): 298-303
Introduction: In our country, choledocholithiasis is still commonly managed by open choledocholithotomy. Traditionally, placement of a T-tube in the common bile duct (CBD) following stone extraction has been practiced to decompress the duct, as intraductal pressure is thought to increase postoperatively. However, recent trends favor primary closure of the CBD without T-tube insertion. Both approaches have advantages and drawbacks, and there remains uncertainty about the optimal method in our setting. The study aims to evaluate and compare outcomes of choledocholithotomy performed with and without T-tube placement. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Surgery at Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barishal, over a period from December 2017 to November 2018. It was designed as a descriptive observational study to evaluate the outcomes of the selected patient population. Patients undergoing choledocholithotomy were initially enrolled using convenience sampling based on predefined inclusion criteria. From this pool, 50 patients were randomly selected after applying both inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among them, 25 patients underwent choledocholithotomy with primary closure of the CBD, while the remaining 25 received T-tube drainage. A pre-tested, observation-based, and peer-reviewed data collection tool was developed before the study. Relevant clinical, biochemical, and surgical data were recorded systematically. The collected data were then compiled, edited, and analyzed. Results: A total of 50 patients were included, equally divided between the primary closure group and the T-tube group. The duration of surgery ranged from 60 to 90 minutes. Patients were followed up from 4 months up to 1 year postoperatively. During follow-up, clinical evaluation included assessment for jaundice and features of cholangitis. Additionally, serum bilirubin levels and ultrasonography were performed. Retained stones were identified in one patient in the T-tube group. Conclusion: Both primary closure of the CBD and T-tube drainage following CBD exploration are effective treatment options for uncomplicated choledocholithiasis. Each method is associated with its own set of complications, but overall outcomes are comparable. Medicine Today 2026, Vol.38 (2): 256-260
