Recent findings in behavioral economics have shown that an individual may not always act optimally and rationally in their decision-making. However, these findings have come mainly from laboratory conditions, and as such, they need to be verified under real circumstances. This paper examines the presence of heuristics in the environment of fantasy sports. The data come from a fantasy league based on the National Hockey League in the season of 2015–16. Its users come mainly from the Czech Republic. The results show a moderately strong presence of representativeness. Nevertheless, there are also manifestations of not always prioritizing point-maximizing strategies, for example in the higher demand for hockey players of the same nationality as that of the users. However, the main factor influencing the demand is still the athletes’ performance. This study’s findings hold implications for fantasy sports, prompting fantasy sports participants to strategically adjust squad selection. For platforms, it suggests user experience enhancements and algorithmic adjustments to guide optimal decision-making, enriching overall engagement. Additionally, the research contributes to decision-making theory by validating behavioral economics in the real world, emphasizing context-specific biases, and advocating for an integrated understanding of heuristics and rational factors in decision environments.
Introduction : La fatigue mentale (FM) est un état psychobiologique causé par une tâche cognitive prolongée pouvant altérer les performances physiques. Récemment, plusieurs études ont indiqué que la FM pouvait également affecter les performances psychomotrices en sport collectif. L’objectif de cette revue narrative est de synthétiser les principales connaissances issues de la littérature afin d’examiner l’effet de la FM sur les performances psychomotrices dans les sports collectifs. Méthodes : Les études retenues dans cette revue narrative impliquaient : i) les recherches sur les performances psychomotrices dans un contexte spécifique aux sports collectifs, ii) des interventions induisant une FM et iii) une population comprenant des individus en bonne santé. Résultats : Quatorze articles ont été retenus. Les résultats montrent que la FM a eu un impact négatif sur les paramètres tels que la prise de décision, le temps de réaction et la précision. Aucun changement des paramètres physiologiques ne pouvait expliquer l’effet négatif de la FM sur les performances. Conclusion : Les articles sélectionnés ont indiqué que la FM affecte négativement les performances psychomotrices dans les sports collectifs. Les futures recherches doivent utiliser des tâches cognitives fatigantes plus écologiques et investiguer les mécanismes neurophysiologiques, afin de permettre une meilleure compréhension des interactions entre la FM et les performances psychomotrices dans les sports collectifs.
Regular martial art training has shown positive benefits in executive functioning and reaction time facilitation. However, influence of karate training on brain stem neurophysiology is an untouched area of research. This study investigates the impact of regular karate training on brain stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in male school going children. Thirty subjects were assessed and compared under two groups: 15 experienced male karate practitioners (9.5 ± 1.26 years); 15 age-gender matched active controls (10.6 ± 1.57 years). The latencies (L), inter peak latencies (IPL) and amplitude (A) of the auditory waves I–V generated in the brain stem region were measured. Significant differences resulted in the left ear latencies of wave I, wave II, and left and right ear of wave III; also, IPL of waves III–V of both ears and I–V of the right ear were significantly shorter in the karate practitioners. The shorter latencies are due to faster synaptic transmissions in the corresponding physiological neuro-generators of the brainstem auditory waves that connect cognitive and sensory signalling pathways. Karate practitioners showed better neural conduction and adaptation to auditory cues, which may have developed through regular training of self-defence not just as a martial art but as a mind body exercise.
Objectif : L’objectif de cette étude est de tester les relations potentielles qui pourraient exister entre les différentes valeurs du modèle affiné de Schwartz et al. (2012) [Schwartz, S.H., Cieciuch, J., Vecchione, M., Davidov, E., Fischer, R., Beierlein, C., Ramos, A., Verkasalo, M., Lönnqvist, J.E., Demirutku, K., Dirilen-Gumus, O., & Konty, M. (2012). Refining the theory of basic individual values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103 , 663–688.] et l’attitude à l’égard du spectacle sportif médiatique (SSM). Méthodologie : 383 étudiants de l’université Paris Lumière ( M age = 23,46, ET = 6,78 ; 178 femmes, M age = 24,66, ET = 8,50, 209 étudiants en STAPS, M age = 20,92, ET = 2,70) ont rempli le PVQ RR57 afin de mesurer les 19 catégories de valeurs du modèle de Schwartz, et ont répondu à 7 questions permettant de mesurer leur attitude à l’égard du SSM. Résultats : Les analyses de régressions montrent que les valeurs de réussite, de tradition et de réputation prédisent une attitude positive à l’égard du SSM, alors que les valeurs de bienveillance et d’humilité prédisent une attitude négative à l’égard du SSM. Conclusion et perspectives : Les résultats apportent un éclairage intéressant sur le SSM et les valeurs qu’il véhicule, et cela d’autant plus que le genre des participants et le type d’études (STAPS/non STAPS) ont modéré les résultats obtenus.
Decreasing the intensity of exercise at the end of a session has been associated with greater post-exercise pleasure and enjoyment. Here, we investigated whether this manipulation can enhance affective attitudes toward physical activity (PA) and promotes PA in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Seven patients (72.9±5.6 years, 3 women) were included in an eight-week within-subject study consisting of weekly exercise sessions. The first four weeks were used as a control condition. In the last four weeks, ten minutes of lower-intensity exercise were added at the end of each session (experimental condition). Results of the linear mixed-effects models showed that the addition of lower-intensity exercise increased the explicit affective attitudes toward PA (b = 1.00, 95% Confidence Interval = .36 to 1.64, p = .022). We found no evidence of an effect on implicit affective attitudes (p = .564), accelerometer-based PA (p = .417) and self-reported PA (p = .122) measures of PA. Although not significant, self-reported physical activity per day was 36 minutes longer in the intervention than in the control condition. These findings suggest that consistently reducing the intensity of an exercise at the end of the sessions enhances explicit affective attitudes toward PA in patients with PD.
