ABSTRACT Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a central nervous system (CNS) tumor that is often surgically inaccessible and radiation‐resistant. Preclinical studies have suggested the utility of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors for this challenging disease. However, clinical trials with the HDAC inhibitor panobinostat have not demonstrated a survival benefit, largely due to insufficient drug concentration at the tumor site after oral administration. The blood‐brain barrier limits the CNS penetration of the drug, and off‐target drug toxicity precludes increasing systemic doses. The present study develops a lipid‐polymer nanoparticle (NP) for targeted HDAC inhibitor delivery to DMG tumor cells. NPs with an acid‐terminated PLGA core and a soy PC and POPG lipid shell were found to display suitable properties for systemic administration and efficiently encapsulate panobinostat and quisinostat. Layer‐by‐layer modification with electrostatically charged layers of poly‐L‐arginine, followed by hyaluronate (HA) significantly increased NP association with patient‐derived DMG tumor neurospheres in vitro. Furthermore, HA‐layered panobinostat NPs retained HDAC inhibition activity and reduced the proliferation of DMG neurospheres. These results demonstrate the potential of this optimized NP for targeted delivery of HDAC inhibitors to DMG with an improved tumor exposure‐to‐off‐target toxicity ratio.
ABSTRACT Chronic wounds and pathological scarring impose a growing burden on patients and healthcare systems, yet conventional dressings remain insufficient for restoring the conditions that govern tissue repair. Advances in flexible bioelectronics, conductive biomaterials, and wearable energy harvesting have enabled therapeutic human–machine interfaces (HMIs) and electronic skin (e‐skin) platforms capable of actively modulating the wound microenvironment. This scoping review synthesizes current evidence on therapeutic HMI and e‐skin technologies for wound healing and scar prevention, conducted per PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from January 2010 through December 2025. Of 237 records identified, 44 met inclusion criteria, encompassing preclinical and clinical studies evaluating devices delivering electrical stimulation (ES), phototherapy, stimulation‐coupled drug delivery, or mechanical offloading. ES predominated (66%), delivered via externally powered, self‐powered, magnetoelectric, and iontophoretic platforms. Included phototherapeutic systems reported antimicrobial and regenerative effects. Stimulation‐coupled drug delivery platforms described targeted or responsive therapeutic delivery, while a study describing mechanical offloading reported favorable wound healing. Conductive hydrogels served as the dominant wound‐interface material. Human evidence remains limited to feasibility studies, and stimulation parameters were inconsistently reported. Standardization of models and outcome measures, alongside large‐scale trials, is needed to define clinical utility and translational potential.
ABSTRACT Advances in new ferroelectric materials have unlocked opportunities to develop improved capacitors with enhanced energy storage capabilities, making them highly suitable for applications in pulsed‐power devices, directed energy systems, and beyond. We perform an analysis of microcapacitors fabricated from thin films of ferroelectrics, focusing on microstrip and interdigital configurations designed for high‐frequency applications in the GHz range and ferroelectrics that are tunable with external bias. By analyzing the thickness of the ferroelectric layer, we observe that the capacitance increases steadily up to a few micrometers, beyond which further increases yield no significant improvement. It can be effectively tuned by several orders of magnitude, consistent with the tunability of the ferroelectric permittivity. We also demonstrate that the capacitance increases with the permittivity of the ferroelectric layer, with thicker layers yielding progressively better results. This work explores materials with exceptionally high dielectric permittivity, including different composites of barium strontium zirconium titanate, and these films can achieve particularly high quality when fabricated using vacuum deposition techniques. We show that the interdigital capacitor configuration with such thin ferroelectric films offers the advantage of achieving high capacitance in a compact form factor, making it ideal for applications that require compactness while maintaining strong electrical performance.
ABSTRACT Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) present significant potential for magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) therapies, owing to their high magnetic saturation, superior colloidal stability, and crystallinity. This work reports the solvothermal synthesis of Zn‐doped Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, which demonstrated high crystallinity and a saturation magnetization of 71.40 emu g −1 . Under alternating magnetic fields (AMFs), a suspension of these nanoparticles (15 mg mL −1 ) achieved temperature increments of 11.65°C and 23.92°C at applied field conditions of 166.12 kHz/13.24 kA m −1 and 263.6 kHz/13.91 kA m −1 , respectively. These MFH conditions subsequently induced the release of ferrous/ferric ions at concentrations of 3.76 and 11.86 mg L −1 . The efficacy of the MFH treatment, driven by the nanoparticles, was evaluated against the pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa (thermoresistant bacteria) and Candida albicans . The study revealed a biphasic antimicrobial mechanism: initially, microbial growth occurs due to the release of iron ions, which microbes use for natural survival; this is followed by cytotoxic effects, combined with direct thermal ablation and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in potent microbial inhibition.
ABSTRACT A systematic investigation has been conducted on the potential of a MoTe2‐based n‐CdS/p‐MoTe2/p+‐CGS heterojunction device for solar cell and photodetector (PD) applications. Conventional photovoltaic technologies such as Si, CdTe, and CIGS solar cells have achieved moderate efficiencies, but suffer from limitations including indirect bandgap absorption, cadmium toxicity, and indium scarcity. Similarly, earlier MoTe2‐based solar cell and PD demonstrates limited performance with low efficiencies, primarily due to poor band alignment and interface recombination losses. To overcome these challenges, CdS and CGS are employed as the window and back surface field (BSF) layers, respectively, owing to their favorable band alignment and material availability. Through numerical optimization of layer thickness, carrier density, and interface defect density, the proposed heterostructure achieves markedly improved performance, with η = 32.92%, VOC = 0.97 V, JSC = 41.21 mA/cm2, FF = 82.73%, R = 0.74 A/W, and D* = 2.36 × 1016 Jones at 1000 nm. These outcomes demonstrate that the MoTe2 integrated with CdS and CGS, provides a novel pathway toward high‐efficiency, environmentally sustainable solar cell and PD surpassing the limitations of existing technologies while offering enhanced performance.
