MicroRNA-155 plays an important role in the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of various cancers. It is abnormally expressed in gastric cancer, but its expression level, function, and significance remain controversial. Therefore, we studied these facets of microRNA-155 in gastric cancer. A total of 700 (miRDB) and 556 (TargetScan) target genes were obtained and 280 genes were identified by Venn mapping, 49 of which had a target score of 90 or higher. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that they were associated with the autophagy and apoptosis pathways. Rictor and Fos were selected for further study. Thirty-two cases exhibited high microRNA-155 expression (group H) and 11 cases showed low expression (group L). Twelve patients had high Rictor expression, whereas 31 patients exhibited low expression. Thirteen cases showed normal Fos expression and 30 cases had low or negative expression. Thirty-three cases had high Beclin1/LC3 expression, whereas 10 cases exhibited low expression. Ten cases had high caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression, whereas 33 cases had low expression. According to the results of immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses, Rictor, Fos, caspase-3, and caspase-9 were minimally expressed, whereas Beclin1 and LC3 were highly expressed in group H. However, all six genes exhibited no significant expression differences in group L. The abnormal expression of microRNA-155 may indicate the occurrence of gastric cancer and its expression level was negatively correlated with the clinical stage of cancer. Down-regulated expression of Rictor and Fos, enhancement of autophagy, and reduced apoptosis may be related to the overexpression of microRNA-155. MicroRNA-155 may promote the progression of gastric cancer by promoting autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis.
The main purpose of this paper is to present some fundamental properties of small and large inductive dimensions in intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces. Our results can be regarded as a study of their properties such as proves subset theorems, zero dimensionality and topological property of an intuitionistic fuzzy small inductive dimension. Furthermore, we introduce a large inductive dimension of intuitionistic fuzzy bi-compact and normal spaces.
For visualizing one, two- and/or three-dimensional data, reconstruction mechanism is generally considered. In the present study, I have examined the application of iterated function systems in interpolation. I have also presented new fractal interpolation derivations for three-dimensional scalar data. The interpolations can indicate uncertainty of the data, allow tenability from the data, represent the data statistically at different scales, and may also more accurately facilitate data analysis.
Magnetic fields have potential applications in photocatalysis. However, there is limited research on the effect of magnetic fields on heterogeneous photocatalysis, and the action mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B over g-C3N4 in an aqueous solution was investigated, and the adsorption and photocatalytic activity were analyzed in the absence and presence of a magnetic field. Furthermore, the infrared absorption frequency of the bending vibration of water was measured in real-time. The results show that the adsorption and photocatalytic efficiencies were positively correlated with the magnetic field intensity in the range of 0 similar to 2 T, while high-intensity magnetic fields (4 similar to 8 T) played an inhibitory role. In addition, the infrared absorption frequencies of water exhibited a red-shift under 1 T and 2 T magnetic fields at 37 degrees C, while the absorption frequencies under 4 T and 8 T magnetic fields were the same as that in the absence of magnetic fields. The effects of the magnetic field on the g-C3N4 photocatalytic efficiency and water infrared absorption frequency were similar, suggesting that the effect of the magnetic field on the water structure may be one factor affecting the g-C3N4 photocatalytic efficiency.
This investigation was designed to assess the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of selenium nanoparticles. It explored the cytotoxic effects of selenium nanoparticles in MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines. The morphology of selenium nanoparticles was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to verify their size and crystalline properties. The selenium nanoparticles were almost spherical and cubic in shape and in size (∼20 nm). Selenium nanoparticles were tested for their cytotoxic activity in MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines using MTT and NRU assays. We found relative differences in the vulnerability of both cell lines in their response to selenium nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity. Specifically, MCF-7 cells exhibited greater vulnerability to exposure to selenium nanoparticles than HepG2 cells. Selenium nanoparticles exposure also induced higher mRNA levels of apoptosis related genes and caspase-3 enzyme activity. Overall, the present study provided the evidence of cytotoxicity induced by SeNPs via apoptotic gene expression in human cell lines. These results warrant further investigation into more precise mechanism(s) of selenium nanoparticles-induced cell death in in vivo model systems.
