ABSTRACT This study aims to empirically examine the role of carbon emissions (CEM), freshwater resources (FWR), agriculture, forestry, and fisheries resources (AFFR), renewable energy consumption (RENE), financial inclusion (FINC), and technological innovation (TCI) on education (EDC) of the G20 member states during the period of 2000–2023. As the main estimation method, this study uses the MMQR. In addition, the robustness of the results is measured using the CS‐ARDL model along with a control function approach. According to the MMQR results, CEM, FWR, RENE, and FINC positively affect EDC across most quantiles, while AFFR exerts a negative effect throughout the distribution. TCI negatively influences lower and middle quantiles but becomes positive at higher quantiles. The CS‐ARDL findings confirm the positive long‐run effects of FWR, RENE, and FINC, the negative effects of CEM and AFFR, and a negative short‐run but positive long‐run effect of TCI. The control function results further indicate the relevance of accounting for potential endogeneity associated with FINC and AFFR. This study makes several contributions to the existing literature by considering education as a dependent variable in a sustainability‐technology approach.
In this paper, we propose a fishery control scheme that happens to be first best in the context of a Gordon-Schaefer model with asymmetric information about effort/harvesting costs. It is widely acknowledged that in the absence of regulations, competition between vessels leads to a competitive game wherein the outcome is inefficient. We introduce a management scheme that regulates the fishing industry through an individual convex tax on effort or on catches. The shares of this tax can be traded in a market, thus solving problems related to asymmetric information. This can be achieved since heterogeneous fishing firms are individually stimulated to solve the same optimality problem as a social planner would. We apply this model to the Northwest Mediterranean demersal fishery as a case study.
ABSTRACT The management of marine fisheries requires balancing ecological sustainability with economic profitability, particularly in ecosystems vulnerable to overexploitation. This study develops a multi‐species optimal control modeling framework for the southern Black Sea, focusing on three key species: horse mackerel ( Trachurus mediterraneus ) as prey, and Atlantic bonito ( Sarda sarda ) and bluefish ( Pomatomus saltatrix ) as non‐competing predators. The model is formulated as a system of ordinary differential equations with seasonal harvesting restrictions, where the objective functional maximizes discounted net profit. Numerical simulations based on 2008–2022 landing data reveal that the optimal control strategy yields approximately 46% higher discounted net profit than the constant‐harvest baseline while preserving positive and stable population trajectories across all species. An approximate, seasonally averaged control strategy performs comparably, suggesting a more practical alternative for data‐limited fisheries. Cross‐implementation analyses further demonstrate that optimal policies derived from reduced two‐species model structures can substantially underperform when applied to the full three‐species system, highlighting the importance of accounting for key predator interactions in harvest optimization. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the principal management insights are robust to moderate changes in key biological and economic parameters. These findings suggest that coordinated, time‐varying harvesting of interacting stocks, informed by key trophic interactions, can improve economic performance while maintaining viable population dynamics within the model framework.
ABSTRACT In this paper, we analyze optimal regulation of a renewable resource within an age‐structured model using moose in Scandinavia as an example. The population of moose is structured into calves, yearlings, and adults, and by comparing the decisions of a private landowner and social planner we identify externalities due to browsing and traffic incidents (browsing and traffic externalities). The damage costs of the browsing and traffic externalities can be related to the population of moose of each stage. Therefore, separate Pigouvian tax rates on the population of calves, yearlings, and adults equal to the marginal damage costs of the externalities imply that the total private and social annual net benefit are identical. Thus, population tax rates secure an optimal steady‐state and an optimal dynamic adjustment path toward the steady‐state. In steady‐state, the total harvest of calves and yearlings is zero implying that both a total harvest quota on adults and population tax rates on calves, yearlings, and adults secure an optimum. However, we argue that harvest quotas raise higher information requirements than population tax rates in steady‐state.
ABSTRACT Landscapes provide a range of ecosystem services including food production, biodiversity conservation and recreational value. Increasingly, landscapes are also used to generate energy. While this is essential for achieving climate mitigation targets, it affects biodiversity and the appearance of rural landscapes, potentially leading to public opposition. Previous research has addressed public opposition against wind turbines and regulatory solutions. However, despite holding the potential for similar conflicts, the ongoing large‐scale expansion of ground‐mounted photovoltaic (PV) installations has so far received less attention. We conduct a choice experiment in Germany to identify preferences regarding the expansion of ground‐mounted PV and its regulation. Three findings stand out: (1) A large majority of respondents support a regulated expansion. (2) There is no significant support for spatial planning regulation in terms of maximum size and density of PV installations, or minimum distance of PV installations from settlements. In contrast, respondents support the provision of local benefits. These include biodiversity benefits, an enhanced appearance of the landscape through flower strips and hedgerows, but also financial benefits like support for renewable energy communities, farmers in low‐yield areas, and the provision of local public goods such as kindergartens. (3) The policies advocated by different parties often do not match the preferences of respondents who identify with general political orientations typically associated with these parties. This may be a sign that currently, public preferences for ground‐mounted PV installations are still poorly understood. Policy makers must act quickly and ensure local benefits to prevent opposition.
