The Belt and Road created in 2013, became in English an “initiative” (BRI) in 2017. This article concerns Chinese Courts; there are few arbitral institutions in China. This has a great significance and demonstrates the opening-up trend for foreign legal service in the People’s Republic of China. This paper aims at understanding the importance of arbitration, what is the main objective of arbitration? The research methodology uses surveys, interviews and observation. China, a global country along the BRI, has great international legal arbitrators and has, it seems, to think seriously to develop arbitration to be internationally credible.
This study deals with the alignment between National Curriculum, Textbooks, and Question papers of Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) in the subject of English at secondary level. The purpose of the study was to check the alignment of National Curriculum for English Language, 2006 with the Textbooks of English for Grade IX-X, and to evaluate the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) question papers with reference to cognitive domain of Bloom’s taxonomy and with the corresponding textbooks. This study was done through document analysis. The documents analyzed for the study were the National Curriculum for English Language, Textbooks of English for Grade IX-X, and question papers of BISE of year 2014 and 2015. The instruments used for this study were the 1) Curriculum Textbook Alignment Framework and 2) Curriculum Textbook Alignment Rubric. The question papers of Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education were analyzed through the checklist developed by researcher. It was validated through expert opinion. Findings of the study de-pict that the SLOs stated in the textbooks of English were not completely matched with the SLOs narrated in National Curriculum Furthermore, the textbooks are not very helpful in achieving those SLOs with the help of the assessment exercises given in the textbook because most of the questions given in the textbook are not related to SLOs of National Curriculum. Findings further report that the all the question papers of Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) for year 2014 and 2015 focused on knowledge and understanding level of Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive domain and very less focus were given on application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation abilities. It was recommended that the same SLOs of National Curriculum of English Language for Grade IX-X should be included in the textbooks otherwise the alignment will suffer and the SLOs of higher order thinking skills should also be included in the textbooks. There should be a balance between the higher level and lower level cognitive skills Paper setters should be well aware of the Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive domain and question papers should include items of all cognitive levels in accordance with assessment scheme of Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, and specifica-tions mentioned in the National Curriculum of English.
In second language teaching and learning, acquisition of knowledge is a multidimensional concept. Several concepts have been advocated by different theorists. All the theories are grounded in peculiar philosophical underpinnings that seem to have sound bases. This current paper critically examines the theories of representation and acquisition of linguistic knowledge from the standpoints of the rationalists and the empiricists. The method used in this paper is qualitative content analysis. With this analysis, the paper is segmented into five themes. These are the introduction, the method, review of literature, pedagogical perspective, and the conclusion. The literature review critically examines the viewpoints of the rationalists and the empiricists on the ultimate source of knowledge, mechanisms of acquisition, and characteristics of the initial state. These parts constitute the pivotal thematic areas of the main argument of the two schools of thoughts.
In the Philippines, teachers tend to find other sources of income due to some financial circumstances.With this, some teachers were entrepreneurs (termed as teacherpreneur) during break time and after office hours.This paper determined the profile of the teacher-entrepreneurs and identified the Personal Entrepreneurial Capabilities (PEC) of the aspiring Teacher-Entrepreneurs.Further, this paper assessed the Personal Entrepreneurial Capabilities of the teacher-entrepreneurs as startup for business and evaluated the Personal Entrepreneurial Capabilities of the Respondents before and after the training.A total of 89 teacher entrepreneurs (31 females and 58 males) were surveyed using a questionnaire with likert-scale responses.The researcher pointed out the following significant conclusions: first, majority of the respondents were young which fall on the age bracket of 20 -29, male, single, permanent in employment status, less than 5 years in service, low monthly net income and they don't have business background.It implies that even though respondents were young, they are already secured in their employment status.Second, the highest personal entrepreneurial capabilities were commitment to work contract, information seeking, opportunity seeking, and systematic planning/ monitoring.The lowest capabilities were risk taking and demand for quality/ efficiency.It implies that respondents were more on information seeking because of their profession while less risk takers since they don't want to lose what they currently have.Third, self-analysis output implies that respondents were capable of being an entrepreneur.Last, the personal entrepreneurial capabilities that need improvement are risk taking, demand for quality/efficiency and self-confidence.
Invasive aquatic plants include plants and algae that grow partially or entirely submerged in water.The United States Department of Agriculture Early Detection and Distribution Mapping system (USDA EDD Maps) was used to collate number of positive observations for all the aquatic invasive species in Louisiana.United States Geological Survey Non-indigenous aquatic species (USGS NAS) database was used to collate each species years of first and last observations and number of affected HUC in Louisiana State.The collated data were recorded and formatted using Excel spreadsheet.The analyses of the data were done using Excel software to generate different charts.The main objective of this paper was to evaluate the current impacts and management of invasive aquatic plants in Louisiana and also to assess whether several resources expended on eradication of these plants have resulted in improved water quality of the State.From the collated data from USGS and USDA EMM Maps, it shows earliest date of observation of invasive aquatic plant in Louisiana from 1884.Common Water hyacinth has the highest number of observations to date.About 41 hydrological unit areas have been affected by infestation of Alligator weed as well.The continuous spread of invasive aquatic plants in Louisiana could be due to favorable weather conditions, excessive nutrients runoff from agricultural practices, reduction of government allocated funds, and uncooperative human community.The current State of Louisiana statewide management plan has done little in the control of the major notorious aquatic plant invaders such as giant Salvinia and water hyacinth.Although, several biological, chemical and mechanical management controls are being implemented yearly, there is a need for interagency collaboration, establishment of efficient State database, and stricter laws on voluntary anthropogenic activities such as sales of invasive weeds as ornamental plants and smuggling of unwanted species through the waterways into the states.
