This document guides would be authors of papers for review in the AJICT on how to write their papers to meet the requirements for submissions, reviews and publications in the AJICT
Introduction: This review aimed to provide theoretical support, based on orthodontics and mechanical engineering concepts, to emphasize the applicability and the mechanical properties involved in stainless steel, cobalt chromium, titanium-molybdenum and titanium based alloys for specialists in this field. Materials and Methods: The search strategy for articles selection was focused on PubMed and Scopus from 1963 to 2024. Results: A total of 501 citations were identified by Medline (through PubMed) and 478 by Scopus. A total of 68 articles were considered eligible for describing the basic mechanical properties of alloys and thermal tests, and tests to examine the strength of materials and the surface of the material or its crystallography. Conclusion: Metallic alloys contain specific characteristics, such as resilience, rigidity, stored energy, formability, low friction surface, low cost and biocompatibility. Stainless Steel (SS) wires have the advantage of low cost and good corrosion resistance, good resilience and good formability. Cobalt-chromium and nickel-chromium have characteristics very close to SS wires but are expensive. Titanium-molybdenum alloys revealed springback superior than SS wires, good formability and high friction coeffient. Nickel-titanium based wires present poor formability, high friction coeffient, even though some of them present the shape memory effect and superelasticity. Ti-Nb(niobium) and Timolium present intermediate properties in relation to SS and TMA wires. Aesthetic alloys are fragile to fracture and relaxation fatigue over time and are dependent on moisture absorption and temperature changes. The properties of metallic wires are function of wire composition, variables during machining process and heat treatment.
Introduction: Pain and discomfort associated with teeth movement during the early phase of orthodontic treatment are major concerns for many orthodontic patients. The aim of this study was to compare the pain experience among patient undergoing orthodontic treatment using Super Elastic NiTi (SE NiTi) and Copper NiTi (Cu NiTi) arch-wires during the alignment phase. Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized study was carried out among patients who were in the alignment stage of fixed orthodontic treatment, using two different types of arch wires, SE NiTi or Cu NiTi. Eight-six participants were recruited conveniently in the study, and randomly allocated to either of the study groups. Fixed orthodontic treatment was then initiated with 0.014-inch archwire in both groups. Participants were followed for pain assessment using a modified McGill Pain Questionnaire with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for the duration of 7 days. Data were analyzed by SPSS Statistics version 25 with a p-value set at <0.05. Pain comparison between two groups was done using Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and Mann Whitney U test. Results: Three participants were lost to follow up and one participant was omitted from the analysis. Therefore, total of 82 participants were analyzed, 41 participants from each of the study group. Participants from both groups reported pain experience during the initial phase of fixed orthodontic treatment. The pain experience was highest 6 to 12 hours after insertion of the initial archwires in both groups. The majority of the participants reported a gradual decrease in pain intensity over time, with the rate of decline been relatively faster in SE-NiTi group. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between SE NiTi and Cu NiTi in pain experience.
Introduction: Successful orthognathic surgery relies on the accurate diagnosis of facial, skeletal, and dental issues. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare Skeletal cephalometric values for orthognathic surgery in Nepalese adults and to compare with Caucasians. Materials and Methods: One hundred adult patients (33 males and 67 females), with an age range of 18-36 years, were selected for the study. The subjects included had skeletal Class I, Average Growth Pattern, no craniofacial abnormality, and no previous history of orthodontic treatment. The Skeletal cephalometric norms for orthognathic surgery analysis values for the Nepalese population were established and compared with those of Caucasians. Results: All the cephalometric parameters, except for facial convexity angle in females, maxillary protrusion in females, mandibular prognathism, chin protrusion, mandibular plane angle, and gonial angle, were less in the Nepalese population than in Caucasians. Conclusion: The cephalometric parameters in the Nepalese adults are significantly different from those of the Caucasian population. These racial differences, which are evident in this study, should be kept in mind while charting out a plan for orthognathic surgery for the Nepalese adults.
Introduction: The cranial base plays an important part in determining how the mandible and maxilla relate to each other and variations in the cranial base angle, the anterior, posterior and total cranial lengths can potentially be a cause of imbalances in facial growth, and occlusion. We aimed to determine the relationship between cranial base & jaw base in different sagittal skeletal patterns among patients visiting Dental Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: One hundred two pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of different sagittal skeletal patterns of age >18 years (34 radiographs for each type of malocclusion with equal male and female) were obtained from the records of patients seeking orthodontic treatment in Dental Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine. A group of measurements were measured and compared among all study groups to assess the existence of any relationship between the cranial base and both jaw bases discrepancies. Mean and standard deviations were calculated. Results: The anterior cranial base length, posterior cranial base length and total cranial base length were increased in subjects with Class II sagittal skeletal patterns and decreased in Class III skeletal patterns with mean values of 66.324±2.218 and 64.632±2.193, 34.09±1.698 and 86.62±3.160 and 31.32±0.976 and 84.29±1.643 mm respectively. The cranial base angle increased in Class II and decreased in Class III with mean values of 128.12°±3.160° and 122.68°±4.650° respectively. Maxillary jaw base was increased in Class II skeletal patterns and decreased in Class III with mean values of 88.06±4.539 and 84.53±3.413 mm respectively. Mandibular jaw base and maxillomandibular difference increased in Class III and decreased in Class II with mean value 110.62±4.300 and 117.65±5.325 and 22.47±2.339 and 33.09±2.999 mm respectively. Conclusion: Cranial base and jaw base parameters showed significant relationship with Class I, II and III sagittal skeletal patterns. Cranial base and jaw base parameters except posterior cranial base and cranial base angle showed significant sexual dimorphism.
