Purpose: The objective of this review was to investigate the recent reports on periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) in major orthodontic journals in order to summarize the relevant updates and clinical findings. Materials and methods: The PubMed database was searched for PAOO-related articles published in The American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics (AJO-DO), The Angle Orthodontists (AO), The European Journal of Orthodontics (EJO), The International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (IJOMS), The Australian Orthodontic Journal (AOJ) and other major orthodontic journals. Keywords used for searching were corticotomy, PAOO, piezocision and micro-osteoperforations (MOPS). Based on the information from the titles and abstracts, relevant articles on PAOO were selected and analysed. Results: As an alternative surgical method, the PAOO technique can accelerate adult patients' tooth movement and shorten the treatment time. Compared with conventional orthodontic treatment, the PAOO technique shows advantages in terms of treatment cycle and treatment effect. Currently, scholars tend to believe that the PAOO technique does not increase the risk of root resorption, periodontium injury, and alveolar bone defect. Conclusions: Long-term efficacy of PAOO lacks randomized controlled clinical trials. However, with the deepening of research, PAOO - a relatively mature means of accelerating tooth movement - is likely to be more attractive in orthodontic treatment.
Purpose: This review aims to evaluate the available evidence to assess and understand the effectiveness of fluoride-releasing primers in reducing white spot lesions (WSLs) around orthodontic brackets. Materials and Methods: The protocol for the review was registered in the PROSPERO database (w.w.w.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, protocol number - CRD42021230588). A systematic search of the scientific databases (PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Google Scholar, and LILACS) was conducted to identify relevant studies. After screening titles and abstracts 120 articles were eliminated and the full text was sought for the four studies. Three articles were included in the qualitative analysis. Results: All studies included in the qualitative analysis showed a high risk of bias. On visual examination, no studies identified a significant difference in the incidence of WSLs among the intervention and control groups. On assessing WSLs using laser fluorescence, only one study identified a significant difference in the incidence of WSLs between the groups. Conclusion: With the limited available evidence, it can be concluded that there is a difference in the incidence of WSLs when fluoride-releasing primers are used to bond orthodontic brackets, although this decrease in incidence is not significant statistically. Further research is required to fully evaluate the effectiveness of using fluoride-releasing primers in orthodontics.
Purpose: To assess the influence of 0.12% chlorhexidine solution (CHX) in the strength degradation of different intermaxillary latex and non-latex elastics. Materials and methods: Eighty 1/4 inch elastics were separated into eight groups (n = 10) according to manufacturers (Morelli (TM) and American Orthodontics (TM)), elastic's type (latex and non-latex) and storage solution (artificial saliva and CHX). Each sample was extended to 19.2 mm, corresponding to 3x the size of their inner diameter, and initial force was verified on the universal testing machine. The elastics were then kept extended, immersed in artificial saliva and their strength was once again evaluated in the following period of time: 12 and 24 hours. Following the storage period, elastics of CHX groups were immersed for 1 min into PerioGard (0.12% chlorhexidine solution) before the strength evaluation. The data (gf) was submitted to a three-way repeated measure analysis of variance and Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05). Results: Significant differences between elastics and time were observed (p < 0.000). Statistically significant reduction in strength was found in non-latex and latex elastics between the initial condition and after 12 h and 24 h (p < 0.05). The non-latex elastics showed statistically higher degradation values than the latex elastics, in the three analysis times (p < 0.05). No statistical difference was found between saliva and CHX, regardless of the time and elastic type (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Generally, the latex elastics showed less strength degradation compared to non-latex elastics. CHX did not affect strength degradation and time influenced strength degradation in the first 12 hours, keeping practically constant for up to 24 hours.
Purpose: To compare the change of IL-1β and TNF-α expression during orthodontic tooth movement in rats, which were under regular diet and ketogenic diet (KD).Materials and Methods: The maxillary right first molars of 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to mesial movement by 50 g of force for 14 days under ketogenic diet. A control group was also established in which rats were subjected to the same tooth movement conditions but under a regular diet. The distance of tooth movement was measured by using precision electronic calipers. After 14 days, the rats were sacrificed and the mesial surface of the palatal root of the right first molar was analysed to determine the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α through immunohistochemical staining. The images obtained were then quantified using ImageJ program.Results: After 14 days of orthodontic tooth movement, the amount of tooth movement in the ketogenic group was lesser by approximately half the distance compared to that of the control group. Moreover, the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was also lower.Conclusions: Consuming ketogenic diet reduces the expected amount of tooth movement which was evidently shown by a significant lower cytokine expression of IL-1β and TNF-α than the group under regular diet. This suggests that ketogenic diet is a contributing factor in delaying the tooth movement during orthodontic treatment.
Purpose: Review of topics related to orthodontics and the COVID19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Originally planned as a Critical Appraisal of select research questions, it became evident there are insufficient studies; rather, this is a comprehensive review of the scientific literature, professional news sources, and lower tier publications. Results: The effect of the pandemic on orthodontic private practice and orthodontic education starting in March 2020 was keenly felt as most closed completely or opened for emergencies only. When practices reopened, it was realized that orthodontic care was urgent - patients could not wait for months without continuing their treatment. Orthodontists were confronted with the need to make broad and costly modifications to the way they practiced in a short time. 15 Changes included full personal protective equipment, increased disinfection protocols, airflow considerations, and fewer patients seen with longer appointments and longer workdays. Orthodontic residencies closed for 3 months or more, and like private practices, were forced to make the same changes while trying to ensure residents received the training and experience required to graduate. Fortunately, fifteen months later practices in most countries are 20 returning to normal levels of income and production, albeit at higher costs. Conclusion: Changes in infection control, airflow in an office, aerosol generation, and the trend towards intraoral scanning and the contact-less or paperless office are probably permanent. Orthodontists must also be aware of their obligation as health providers interested in the overall well-being of their patients.
