Migration represented a persistent and highly politicized issue in Europe, with significant implications for national security, public policy, and legal governance. Although Europe historically functioned as both a source and destination of migration, the post-World War II period marked a structural shift towards inward migration, accompanied by increasing levels of irregular mobility. Within this context, human smuggling emerged as a key facilitating mechanism of irregular migration and a growing security concern. The present study examined human smuggling as a driver of irregular migration and as a multidimensional security risk, with particular emphasis on the Czech Republic. The main objective of the research was to analyze current trends in irregular migration and human smuggling between 2010 and 2024 and to assess the effectiveness of existing legal and political responses. The study employed a qualitative and quantitative methodological approach, combining analysis of European Union and national legal frameworks, official migration and law enforcement statistics, and selected case studies related to organized smuggling networks. The findings demonstrated that human smuggling networks remained resilient and adaptive, continuously adjusting their operational strategies in response to strengthened border controls and enforcement measures. The results further indicated a strong link between human smuggling and organized crime structures, as well as persistent gaps in legal harmonization and cross-border cooperation. The study concluded that more effective mitigation required enhanced international coordination, improved use of technological tools in border management, and preventive policies addressing both smugglers and vulnerable migrant populations. These findings carried important implications for migration governance, security policy, and future legislative development within the European Union.
The theoretical study and analysis of practical impacts from applying the secret tool of politics within the doctrines from "raasison t etat" and "arcana imperii" have significantly intensified recently. This was mainly related to the risk of international tension, the development of new technologies, and their application as new instruments of power. The intensity of the study of secret political tools was also connected to the effort of state power to legalize certain tools and thus ensure their widespread use. The adoption of the French law on camera surveillance sparked disagreement and a major public debate, especially with non-governmental human rights institutions. Therefore, this article conducted a qualitative analysis of selected philosophical and legal attitudes towards selected instruments of secret politics from the 17th century to the present. At the same time, the influence of natural law on the humanization of certain secret state practices, specifically political assassination, was analyzed. Another qualitative analysis focused on the development of practical attitude of the US state power towards the use of political assassinations. The results of the analyzes showed that the attitude towards arcana gradually changed from the 16th century onwards, especially under the influence of the natural law school. Undr their influence, regulations and humanizations. Therefore, this article proposed a discussion on the optimal reconceptualization of the traditional concept of arcana imperii. New concept should take into account the modern needs of parliamentary democracies, based on consent, on human rights and at the same time regulate the current possible shift of the boundaries of instrumental political power in the area of arcana imperii.
