The Standard Model of particle physics postulates that the (mass) ^ 2 term of the Higgs potential is negative. This choice is considered unnatural and leads to the tachyonic mass problem. It is known that the formulation of the Higgs mechanism relies on the standard Ginzburg-Landau equation describing equilibrium phase transitions. It is also known that the Complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) is a universal model of complex dynamics outside equilibrium. This brief note suggests that the tachyonic mas problem goes away upon switching from the standard Ginzburg-Landau equation to the CGLE.
In the present article, we investigate Bianchi type-I models in the context of the f(R) theory of gravity using general relativistic hydrodynamics (GRH). The exact solutions of the field equations are deduced by considering exponential and power-law volumetric expansion. Various physical and kinematical properties of the models are discussed. In addition, to further clarify our view, we used the state finder diagnostic pair and cosmic jerk parameter to describe the different phases of the universe. In each case, the function of the Ricci scalar is also evaluated.
What gravitons are in the TGD framework? This question has teased me for decades. It is easy to understand gravitation at the classical level in the TGD framework but the identification of gravitons has been far from obvious. Second question is whether the new physics provided by TGD could make the detection of gravitons possible? The generalized Kahler structure for M4 ⊆ H= M4 x CP2 leads together with holography=generalized holomorphy hypothesis to the question whether the spinor connection of M4 could have interpretation as gauge potentials with spin taking the role of the gauge charge. However, the induced M4 spinor connection has a vanishing vielbein curvature. The M4 Kahler gauge potential remains a candidate for giving rise to graviton-like state: the additional spin would come from the rotation of the monopole flux tube. Also the second fundamental form HK has M4 part MK behaves like a spin 1 object. One can assign the fundamental vertices with the splitting of closed string-like flux tubes representing elementary particles. The vertices would correspond to the defects of ordinary 4-D smooth structure making possible a theory allowing a creation of fermion pairs. The Kahler part of the M4 spinor connection could contribute to electroweak $U(1)$ gauge potential or define a new gauge force. It could also give rise to graviton-like states as monopole flux tubes containing fermion pairs with rotational angular momentum L=1. There are however several objections against this idea. HK, generalizing the Higgs field, contains M4 part MK and CP2 part SK behaves like Higgs field and the M4 part looks like a plausible candidate for graviton. HK is concentrated at the singularities of space-time as a minimal surface and vanishes elsewhere and is identifiable as a generalized acceleration. The bosonic field equations imply that the vertex generalizes Newton's "F=ma" and gives rise to the TGD counterpart of Einstein's equations. The interpretation of graviton in terms of a generalized acceleration would conform with the Equivalence Principle. The second question considered in this article is whether gravitons can be detected in the TGD Universe. It turns out dark protons at the monopole flux tube condensates give rise to a mild optimism in this respect.
In this this paper, we have dealed optical model for symplectic curve to make new optical conditions with optical motions by using Fermi-Walker transportation such as Uniformly optical accelerated motion, unchanged optical direction motion and uniformly circular optical motion We also investigate optical modelling relations between Fermi-Walker transportation and optıcal motions in symplectic space.
The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) describes the universal formation of _topological defects_ in systems undergoing continuous phase transitions. KZM is traditionally applied to the study of defects in the early Universe and condensed matter phenomena. The goal of this brief report is to uncover the remarkable analogy between KZM and the flavor composition of particle physics. Our findings suggest that defect formation in particle physics and cosmology is rooted in the _multifractal topology_ of the early Universe.
