The effect of ambient temperature on the performance of a 130 W polycrystalline photovoltaic (PV) module was explored in this study. With field data at Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, the output current of a 130 W PV module was modeled using ambient temperatures. For two weeks of field observations, an instrumented meteorological mast was set up at an experimental site (80 30'N, 40 33'E) at Kwara State Polytechnic in Ilorin, Nigeria, for two weeks of field observations (1st to 14th July 2019). At 10-second intervals, the PV cell output current and ambient temperatures from the instrumented meteorological mast were recorded. A data logger (fabricated) storage module was used to store the sampled data. The saved data was further reduced to 20 min averages using the Microcal Origin data analysis program after erroneous measurement values were removed (quality assurance and quality control). With the MBE of 0.01 Wm-2, RMSE of 0.13 Wm-2, and r = 0.61, the predicted output current, OCP, was compared to the actual measured output current, OCm, and very good agreement was found. As a result, even with a short set of measured ambient temperature data, the estimator explored in this study is capable of predicting the performance of a polycrystalline PV cell in terms of its output current in the absence of direct measurement of the output current.
We solved the radial Schrödinger equation analytically using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method to obtain the energy eigenvalues and corresponding wavefunction in terms of Laguerre polynomials with the Generalized Yukawa potential (GYP). The present results are applied for calculating the mass spectra of heavy mesons such as charmonium ( cc ) and bottomonium (bb ) for different quantum states. The present potential provides excellent results in comparison with experimental data with a maximum error of 0.0157 GeV and work of other researchers.
Cadmium iodide (CdI2) thin films with varying grain size and thickness were studied for exploring the strategy of controlling bandgap (Eg) in the thin film-materials. The grain size (D) was calculated from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and was found to increase with increasing the thickness (L) of the film. A variation of the refractive index (n) with the variation of L was observed, which might be due to the variation of both density and electronic structure. However, n was found to decrease with increasing the wavelength of light. The optical absorption spectra showed both allowed direct and indirect interband transitions across a fundamental gap. It was found that both indirect and direct Eg decrease with increasing L and that the indirect Eg was lower than the direct Eg, confirming the results of the earlier band structure calculations. The direct Eg was also found to decrease with increasing D. The results demonstrate the possibility of controlling and manipulating Eg by adjusting D and L.
Using the generalised gradient approximation (GGA) and an ultrasoft pseudopotential, we report on the structural, electrical, vibrational, and superconducting properties of LiFeP, an iron pnictide superconductor. The 3s state of P is regulated in the region considerably below the Fermi level, the 3s state of Li is above the Fermi level, and the 3d state of Fe is close to the Fermi level. The underlying bands close to the Fermi level reveal the metallic character of LiFeP. The positive frequencies of the phonon dispersion curves confirm the material's dynamical stability. A weak electron-phonon coupling (EPC), a measure of decreased electron scattering, indicates poor superconductivity in the material being studied. However, the big difference between the calculated TC results and the experimental data shows that to improve TC, the electron-phonon interaction needs to be 2.5–3.0 times stronger. Moreover, weak electron-phonon coupling is indicated by the effective interaction strength (N₀V) values and show superconducting nature.
The study explores seismic, electromagnetic, and well-log data to understand the investigated region's subsurface features and geologic events. Seismic data, local microseismic characteristics, and gravity anomaly were used to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns and how they relate. The data visualization plots revealed the Monte Carlo distributions of microseismic events, which is necessary for conducting the b-value analysis. Gravity survey data, mapped in graphics of strews, proved to be more complex relationships between gravity and elevation, declaring intricate patterns of actual underground structures. Imagery, created with real-time electromagnetic surveys, which were mimicked on an apparent resistivity pseudo section, revealed important information regarding resistivity anomalies – an essential prerequisite for identifying fluid pathways and fracture networks. A study of hydraulic fracturing parameters was carried out to establish the relationship between injection rates and pressures with fluid migration, proppant concentration, and others. Ultimately, the Bouguer gravity anomaly map created a spatial visual representation of density variations that, in turn, was helpful in geological interpretation. Accordingly, these conclusions reveal global ideas about the subsurface processes and thus enable effective geological studies and exploration of geological resources.
