This study examined whether incarceration before age 18 is associated with adult physical violence, sexual violence, and intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. Using cross-sectional survey data from the 2025 VEX surveys in California, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas ( N = 7,040), we estimated adjusted prevalence ratios using multivariable Poisson regression. Compared with never-incarcerated respondents, individuals first incarcerated as minors had a higher prevalence of physical violence, sexual violence, and IPV victimization. Similar associations were observed among those first incarcerated in adulthood. Findings suggest that incarceration is associated with greater vulnerability to violence victimization during adulthood, regardless of age at first incarceration.
The aim of this study was to synthesize policies governing the transport and escort of incarcerated people in Canada to external healthcare appointments. We sent Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy requests to each province and territory and to the federal government of Canada, requesting any information pertaining to the transport and escort of incarcerated people to external healthcare. We conducted reflexive content analysis of the policies to determine key themes. We received policy documents from 11 jurisdictions. The lack of explicit policy protections for patient dignity, privacy and confidentiality undermines the ability of people in prison to receive healthcare.
Self-injurious behavior (SIB) poses persistent clinical and operational challenges in prisons. Yet, its institutional distribution remains under-examined. Using administrative records from a large state prison system, this study examines SIB concentration and seriality from FY 2019–2020 through FY 2023–2024. Across the period, 10,752 SIB events involved 4,828 individuals. In FY 2023–2024, 2,291 events involved 1,349 individuals, a rate of 30.1 per 1,000 inmates. The top 20 facilities accounted for 68.2% of events and 59.7% of involved individuals, demonstrating substantial institutional concentration. Rather than treating SIB as evenly distributed across prisons, agencies should consider using concentration and seriality metrics to identify institutional hotspots and prioritize targeted clinical and operational interventions.
This article examines normality, reintegration of incarcerated people, and dynamic security through a comparative analysis of the Czech and Norwegian prison systems. Drawing on scholarly literature, official statistics, and institutional sources, it considers prison education, work, everyday autonomy, release preparation, and post-release support. The findings show that the Norwegian model cannot be transferred mechanically to the Czech context because of differences in prison population size, institutional capacity, penal culture, and welfare provision. Nevertheless, it offers useful analytical lessons for strengthening reintegration-oriented imprisonment while maintaining institutional security and public protection.
Correctional systems face increasing challenges in maintaining secure, humane, and financially sustainable operations. This article develops the concept of institutional sustainability in correctional systems, conceptualizing sustainability as an organizational capability rather than merely an environmental objective. Drawing on correctional governance, institutional theory, infrastructure governance, and organizational resilience, the article proposes a framework explaining how correctional administrations preserve, adapt, and reproduce improvements over time. Illustrative cases from Santa Catarina, Brazil, demonstrate the framework's analytical applicability. The study contributes a theoretical model for examining how institutional capacities support continuity, adaptation, and long-term performance in correctional systems.
