Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) remains a significant concern in Liberia, exposing women to physical, emotional, and sexual harm. This study examines the factors influencing IPVAW using data from 2,331 women aged 15-49 in the 2019-20 Liberia Demographic and Health Survey. Employing descriptive statistics, Chi-Square tests, and binary logistic regression, the study analyzes sociodemographic determinants at both dimensional and overall levels. Findings indicate that older women and those who marry later are less likely to experience physical, emotional, or sexual violence. The relationship between education, wealth, and IPVAW were mixed. Regionally, women in the Southeastern A region reported a lower likelihood of IPVAW than those in other regions. Traditional religious beliefs showed the strongest correlation with IPVAW, highlighting the role of cultural norms. Conversely, having multiple children, husbands' alcohol consumption, and controlling partner behavior increased the likelihood of violence. The study recommends broadening legal definitions of violence and strengthening institutional enforcement.
Involuntary celibates (incels) are an online community of men drawing increasing scientific attention. There has been some empirical demonstration of their misogynistic views, and emerging theorization observing parallels between their situation and grievance-fueled sexual violence. The present study therefore firstly aimed to examine whether indeed inceldom is linked to both loneliness (as a hypothesized characteristic of inceldom as well as a frequent antecedent to sexual offending) and rape-supportive attitudes, and secondly, to see whether inceldom, loneliness and rape-supportive cognitions are related to behavioral outcomes of sexual aggression. A survey of adult men seeking romantic relationships (N = 814), some of whom (61.5%) identifying as incels, was conducted online. Regression analyses showed that regardless of incel self-identification the endorsement of incel ideas, rape-supportive cognitions and loneliness were related to self-disclosed previous sexual aggression. Loneliness and some, but not all, rape-supportive cognitions were also associated with inclination toward committing future sexual aggression. However, endorsement of incel ideas was not related to inclination toward future sexual aggression. These findings suggest that further research is needed to better understand the relationship between inceldom and sexual violence and the implications that this would have for primary, secondary and tertiary interventions.
