Coffee production in Alto Noroeste Fluminense has gained regional relevance, although information on the physicochemical characteristics of locally produced beans under different roasting conditions remains limited. This study characterized a composite sample of naturally processed Coffea arabica L. from the 2022 and 2023 harvests produced in Bom Jesus do Itabapoana, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, under light, medium, and dark roasting conditions. Moisture, ash, lipids, protein, pH, titratable acidity, water-soluble extract, alcohol-soluble extract, and caffeine were determined using official analytical procedures. Each roasting profile was applied to a single portion of the composite sample, and the subsequent triplicate determinations represented analytical replicates rather than independent experimental replicates. Therefore, the results were interpreted descriptively. Moisture values decreased from 3.51% in the light roast to 1.76% in the dark roast, while titratable acidity decreased from 221.67 to 178.37 g L-1. Higher ash and lipid proportions were observed with increasing roasting degree, whereas caffeine showed comparatively limited variation, ranging from 0.876 to 0.918 g 100 g-1. These findings provide an initial physicochemical reference for the evaluated composite sample of Arabica coffee from Alto Noroeste Fluminense and describe distinct physicochemical patterns among the three roasting profiles.
Soil amendment is an essential step toward the introduction or maintenance of intensified agricultural production systems. The aim of the present research is to assess lime’s response to crops rotation and sandy soil yield in Bahia’s Cerrado region, Brazil, under controlled conditions. The experiment was conducted at completely randomized design with four replications. The crops were grown in pots filled with 20 kg of Oxisol (14% of clay). Treatments consisted of lime rates: 0, 1, 2, and 4 Mg ha-1 (standard dose 1 Mg ha-1). Soybean, millet and Brachiaria crops grown in a crop sequence were assessed - the subsequent crop was grown after harvest. The aforementioned crops production components (mass of fresh and dry matter and weigh of pods), nutrients extraction and soil chemical (pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, H+A, SB, CEC, BS, SOM, S-SO4 2-, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) properties measured at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after lime application were the measured variables. There was linear increase in Ca, Mg and sum of bases, as well as in pH, and acidity potential reduction (H+Al) and Mn due to the adopted lime rates. The limestone reaction decreased, overtime, but to a lesser extent at doses 2.0 and 4.0 Mg ha-1 than the doses recommended in official handbooks (1.0 Mg ha-1). These findings pointed out sandy soils responsiveness to higher lime levels in comparison to those supported by official methods.
ABSTRACT Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest cultivated oilseed crops in human history, and due to its widespread acceptance, both in the domestic and international markets, its cultivation has been expanding. Driven by genetic diversity and specific market demands, the research aims to achieve high productivity under various soil and climate conditions. In this regard, the sesame breeding program developed by Embrapa CNPA has been providing cultivars that meet the diverse demands of the market. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of sesame lines grown under rainfed conditions in the northeastern sub-region of Paraíba. Morpho-agronomic characteristics of the plants and physicochemical characteristics of the seeds were evaluated. It was found that five out of the ten studied lines showed significant differences compared to the BRS Morena cultivar, with the SHCNPA66 line standing out for its superior performance in all evaluated aspects, including grain production, highlighting its potential for future cultivar selection.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of Setaria italica lines to support the development and future release of productive and well-adapted cultivars. The experiments were conducted in 2023 and 2024 at the Regional University of the Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Climatic variables were obtained from the NASA POWER system using the EnvRtype package. Agronomic traits related to plant architecture, development, and yield were measured. The results revealed wide genetic variability and good adaptability among the lines. Stem diameter, number of internodes, and panicle length were positively associated with grain yield, indicating their usefulness for indirect selection. Lines L7, L11, and L14 showed superior overall performance, while the control and the original population exhibited greater stability but lower trait expression. These findings confirm the agronomic potential of Setaria italica as an alternative crop, particularly due to its resilience, short growth cycle, and nutritional value.
ABSTRACT The backcross method in Passiflora edulis Sims is used for genetic improvement with the aim of transferring disease-resistance from wild to commercial species. Recurrent genome recovery and the characterization of hybrids and potential parents with desirable traits are essential for the design of intra and interspecific crosses. In the present study, recurrent genome recovery and genetic variability of three genealogies comprising hybrids and wild species of Passiflora were evaluated. Eighty-four genotypes were evaluated using 3.717 biallelic codominant SNP markers generated through DArTseq (NGS) sequencing. To characterize the structure of the genotype panel, the three genealogies were independently analyzed by calculating the genetic distance and by hierarchical clustering analysis (UPGMA) principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and intersection analysis (UpSetR). The genetic availability of SNPs was evaluated using Polymorphism Information Content (PIC), one ratio proportion, Minor Allele Frequency (MAF), and reproducibility with the adegenet package (R software). The results identified well-defined similarity groups between hybrids and parents, with a clear trend of clustering of accessions of the same species and of backcrossed genotypes closer to the recurrent parent. The present study emphasizes the efficiency of backcrossing to recover recurrent genome and the preservation of genetic variability to improve the sour passion fruit.
