This paper examines the impact of regulations on the financial performance of Georgian insurance companies. The research period covers 2016-2024. The research employs deductive reasoning and multiple linear regression using a constructed Regulatory Stringency Index (RSI) and secondary data. The findings indicate that Georgia's insurance market experienced rapid growth alongside a substantial strengthening of capital adequacy and solvency measures following regulatory reforms, confirming that enhanced oversight has bolstered financial stability. However, the results also reveal a trade-off: stricter regulations are associated with lower return on equity and profit margins, suggesting that compliance costs and higher capital buffers modestly constrain profitability.
Orta Çağ Yahudileri, tarihsel hafızada çoğunlukla tefecilikle özdeşleştirilmiş; ekonomik faaliyetleri de bu dar çerçevede değerlendirilmiştir. Oysa Yahudi toplulukları tarımsal üretim, zanaatkârlık, yerel ve uluslararası ticaret gibi çok çeşitli alanlarda etkin olmuştur. Bu çalışma, erken Orta Çağ’daki üretime dayalı yapıdan geç Orta Çağ’da faiz merkezli ekonomiye yönelişi ele almakta; Kilise’nin artan baskıları, seküler otoritelerin mali ihtiyaçları, sürgünler ve mülkiyet kayıplarının bu dönüşümdeki rolünü incelemektedir. Batı Avrupa Yahudileri odakta olmakla birlikte, İslam dünyası ve Bizans’taki cemaatlere de karşılaştırmalı olarak değinilmekte, Geniza belgeleri, responsa literatürü ve hukukî kayıtlar kullanılmaktadır.
This study examines taxpayers' perceptions of the tax concept through metaphors. Metaphor analysis is an effective tool for revealing how taxpayers make sense of the tax concept. This research used qualitative data collection techniques to compile and thematically classify metaphors produced by taxpayers from different sociodemographic groups about taxation. The findings reveal diverse and layered perceptions of tax. While most metaphors were classified as neutral, negative metaphors frequently reflected notions of burden, coercion, and punishment, whereas positive metaphors emphasised social responsibility and collective contribution.
This study investigates the impact of conventional monetary policy on income inequality in Türkiye. Using annual data from 1988 to 2021, we applied the long-run restricted Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) method developed by Blanchard and Quah (1989) to estimate the impact of monetary policy shocks on income inequality. The analysis results showed that contractionary monetary policy shocks reduced income inequality. Furthermore, the impact of monetary policy on income inequality is linked to the inflation rate and stock prices.
This study applies the novel Mixed Populism Indication approach to examine and compare economic populism in the largest cities of Czechia and Türkiye. Using standard financial measures and their relationship with interest rates, we tracked potential symptoms of economic populism within local government public finance from 2011 to 2021. The pooled panel expansion of our analytical framework verifies the relevance of our method. It also assesses whether broader political or macroeconomic factors could explain the observed relationships. Based on the cointegration and correlation analysis results, we found no pronounced symptoms of populism in either Czechia or Türkiye. However, our results suggest possible populist behaviour in two Turkish cities, in particular Istanbul and Izmir. In these cities, increases in interest rates are associated with higher debt and debt costs, indicating a less restrained fiscal policy approach. This behaviour aligns with definitions of economic populism in the literature, as it prioritises short-term gains over long-term fiscal sustainability. In Czechia, suspicions of populism concern the cities of Prague and Pilsen, though the symptoms are less evident in financial data. Moreover, Czech cities generally take a more cautious fiscal approach, avoiding significant increases in debt costs, which makes signs of populism less discernible.
