Psalm 4 ranks among the more interpretatively challenging biblical texts, whose meaning remains disputed despite the sustained attention of numerous scholars over many years. The difficulties are compounded by divergences between the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint. Modern exegesis spans a wide spectrum: some read the psalm as a re-buke to idolaters, others as the psalmist's defence against slander; some view it as the protest of the poor against wealthy exploiters, while others interpret it as a royal attempt to enforce obedience among subjects. A striking illustration of these challenges is found in the "righteous sacrifices" of verse 6, where there is little agreement on whether actual offer-ings are intended or on why precisely they should be described as "righteous." This study therefore seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate by analysing problematic expressions, their literary context and the structure of the psalm, evaluating existing interpretations, and finally offering some conclusions of its own. Particular attention is paid to the allusion to the Aaronic blessing contained in the psalm and to its significance.
The study critically examines the historical development of the Catholic Church's teachings on therapeutic abortion, and analyses how the prohibition of these procedures gradually evolved, focusing on the late nineteenth century when the issue became the subject of intense debate among theologians and Church authorities. It analyses five key decrees issued by the Holy Office between 1884 and 1902, which progressively tightened restrictions on these procedures. The study provides a complete translation and detailed critical analysis of these decrees. The author traces how Church authorities addressed issues such as craniotomy, induced premature delivery, therapeutic abortion, and the removal of ectopic pregnancies, and how these decisions influenced the subsequent de- velopment of Catholic moral theology. The article highlights how these decrees laid the foundation for the current Catholic ban on therapeutic abortion and shaped the modern understanding of the principle of double effect in Catholic bioethics. The author also ar- gues that this prohibition and this understanding of the principle of double effect are based on an unsound moral methodology and theory of human act.
This article discusses the philosophical-theological concept of freedom in the work of Karel Vrana (1924-2005) and focuses in particular on the contrast between tran-scendence and immanence of the human spirit. In response to the atheistic protest against God, it is of importance to clarify the concept of God's transcendence, which neither dis-parages the world nor threatens man in his earthly decisions and actions. In the article, the author examines and analyses Vr & aacute;na's reflections on the relationship between transcen-dence and immanence in human existence, presents various models of human freedom, and deals with the dialogical -personal concept of man and the Christian vision of free- dom, which is also characterised by humour. In conclusion, the entire topic is interpreted theologically from a Christological and Trinitarian perspective.
The ecclesiastical history of Ung county is still a completely unexplored area of history. In the context of the research, there are several sources that help create a picture of church structures, i.e. parishes, branches, mother church and daughter church congrega-tions. Such a picture is provided by the inventory from 1733, the content analysis of which is the subject of this study. The aim of the contribution is to more closely characterise the content of the document, as well as to provide primary information. The analysis is not carried out exhaustively, but instead focuses on basic information and specifics. A detailed summary of the individual localities is therefore attached to the study, which allows at least a partial description of the state (parochial structure, sacral buildings) captured in the territory of Ung county.
