The purpose of the work is to establish and compare the morphological characteristics of damage caused by shots from a hunting rifle MC 21-12, using factory-made and self-loaded cartridges at various distances, with the possibility of further use of the results in expert practice. The aim is to determine the morphological features of the resulting damage and the nature of the deposition of the products of the shot. As a result of the study, the composition and maximum distances of the spread of the products of the shot with cartridges from such a gun were established. The features of the experimental damage of white biazi targets, struck from different distances, were identified.
Objective. Determination of the species identity of saliva samples dried on gauze based on total human IgG using quantitative enzyme immunoassay. Material and methods. Saliva samples taken from 10 donors and dried on gauze. The samples were tested by quantitative ELISA using the IgG-total-ELISA-HEMA test kit. Results. The optical density and concentration of total IgG in whole saliva extracts were determined in 1:10 and 1:50 dilutions. The sensitivity limit of the method was established. Conclusion. The experimental data obtained indicate a reliable identification of the origin of the studied saliva samples on gauze from humans, both in undiluted extracts and in a 1:10 dilution. This variant of quantitative ELISA has absolute specificity, sufficient sensitivity and high productivity, which determines the prospect of its use to establish the species identity of saliva traces.
This study focuses on an important aspect of forensic medical diagnostics: the identification and interpretation of tissue discoloration around subcutaneous veins that occurs during general hypothermia. We delve into the morphological manifestations of this phenomenon, its mechanisms of development, and its role in differential diagnosis. We particularly emphasize how this feature helps to establish the fact and extent of low-temperature exposure on the body, as well as to rule out other possible causes of death. Drawing on the analysis of scientific literature and our own practical experience, we assess the reliability and boundaries of applicability of this diagnostic criterion. The main objective of our work is to comprehensively analyze the forensic significance of this staining in cases of death from hypothermia, determine its informational value, and its place in the complex of diagnostic methods.
The article presents a method for hair examination using an electronic scanning microscope Hitachi FlexSem1000 II (Japan) and describes sample preparation method. As part of the experimental study, damage was caused by blades with varying degrees of bluntness: sharp (up to 2—25 microns), medium sharp (up to 26—40 microns), blunt (up to 41—50 microns) and severely blunt (over 51—60 microns). According to the results of the research, specific signs characteristic of each sharpness level of the traumatic object have been established, which is illustrated by microphotographs. A subgroup of ideally sharp objects with a sharpness of 1—3 microns has been identified, which form a rather specific morphological picture of the cut. It differs from other sharp objects, and an algorithm for determining the level of sharpness of the trace-forming object has been developed.
Purpose: to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of a combination of MRI sequences — SWI (susceptibility-weighted imaging), which is highly sensitive to the haemorrhagic component, and diffusion tensor imaging DTI with assessment of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) — in the verification of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) following traumatic brain injury (TBI). To establish a correlation between the degree of injury determined by this MRI protocol, the morphological classification of DAI according to J.H. Adams 1989, and the phenomenon of clinico-tomographic dissociation. Based on the obtained data, to develop a standardized MRI protocol for the diagnosis of DAI. The combined use of SWI and DTI MRI sequences, taking into account optimal time windows, confirms the ability of MRI to reflect the morphological substrate of injury and increases the percentage of DAI verification, thereby resolving the phenomenon of clinico-tomographic dissociation. Based on the identified correlations, a standardised MRI protocol for the diagnosis of DAI was formulated, adapted to the terminology and requirements.
