Biodiverse regions are particularly susceptible to exploitation of natural resources by dominant actors, including organised crime groups, states and corporations. Many environmental harms and crimes linked to these activities transcend land or border-related issues, evolving into global problems with far-reaching socio-economic, geopolitical and ecological consequences. In these extraction processes, the dual role of local communities as both victims and participants has garnered increasing scholarly attention. However, the involvement of local communities - whether voluntary or coerced - in facilitating environmentally harmful activities remains underexplored. This article introduces a new theoretical lens, drawing on a green criminological approach, by which to interpret the relationship between community and organised crime actors. Specifically, it highlights the concept of 'social licence to crime' as providing insights into the dynamics of this relationship.
Electronic monitoring has emerged as a rapidly expanding and significant form of carceral control. In this article, we consider electronic monitoring as integrated into the carceral continuum, not only as a spatially dispersed mechanism but also as operating through particular dynamics of visibility and invisibility. Considering the cases of Portugal and Brazil, we analyse how electronic monitoring (re)shapes and (re)articulates carceral dynamics across three interconnected axes: social and media representations, political and institutional dynamics and individual lived experiences. By unsettling conventional distinctions between confinement and freedom, punishment and rehabilitation, and presence and absence within a spectrum of invisibility-visibility-hypervisibility, electronic monitoring reframes the spatial, temporal and relational dimensions of carcerality.
In late 2023, Australia's High Court overturned longstanding precedent allowing indefinite immigration detention. In response, both major political parties launched an alarmist narrative about the exceptional threat posed by the 92 non-citizens, dubbed the NZYQ cohort, who were due for immediate release. This article details how this disparate group of non-citizens came to be considered an unmitigated threat to Australian society and were met with extraordinary containment measures. We argue that the novel treatment of the NZYQ cohort, and other non-deportable detainees who followed, represents a significant ramping up of the state's exclusionary efforts that cannot be adequately captured within either a crimmigration or securitisation framework. Incorporating the language and law of national security/war into a longstanding crimmigration regime, we introduce a hybrid theoretical framing of 'enemy crimmigration' to characterise this trend. Australia's willingness to enact extraordinary measures and abandon conventional constraints raises the spectre of a 'preventive state'.
