Objective: This study aimed to establish the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Personality Inventory (PID-5) and to evaluate it by comparing it with categorical personality assessments obtained through the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Axis II Personality Disorders Questionnaire (SCID-II-PQ). Methods: The sample consisted of 1736 participants, including 560 psychiatric patients diagnosed through clinical evaluation according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria in a psychiatry outpatient clinic and 1176 healthy controls. In addition to the PID-5, a sociodemographic data form and the SCID-II-PQ were administered. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficients for both domains and facets. Given the inventory's predefined domains and facets, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine structural validity. Convergent validity was tested through correlations between PID-5 domain and facet scores and both the dimensional scores and self-report questionnaire scores of the SCID-II-PQ. Results: The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the inventory was 0.932, indicating high internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the findings of the present study demonstrated a structure consistent with the personality domains identified in the original PID-5 study. At the facet level, higher RMSEA values were observed for the facets of 'emotional lability' and 'manipulativeness' , whereas the 'risk-taking' facet showed lower fit indices compared to the other facets. In terms of discriminant validity, all domains and all facets except 'manipulativeness' yielded higher mean scores among the patient group compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the Turkish version of the PID-5 demonstrates generally acceptable levels of validity and reliability and may be used as an assessment tool for the dimensional evaluation of personality traits.
Objective: Despite the substantial burden of mental disorders worldwide, treatment gaps remain wide, and pathways to adequate care are poorly understood. To address this gap, the Turkish World Mental Health (WMH) Survey was undertaken to assess prevalence and treatment of mental disorders in T & uuml;rkiye. Method: A nationally representative random household sample of 1,790 adults were interviewed face to face in 2020, using the DSM-5 version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-5). Twelve-month prevalence of anxiety, mood, and externalizing disorders were assessed along with disorder-specific treatment, sector of care, minimally adequate treatment (MAT), and socio-demographic correlates. Results: As detailed in a previous report, twelve-month prevalence of any DSM-5 disorder assessed in this study was 23.9%, with anxiety (17.2%) and mood (12.4%) disorders most common. Only 20.9% of individuals with a disorder received any treatment, most from the mental health specialty sector (17.4%). Among treated cases, 31.7% met criteria for MAT, resulting in 6.6% (i. e., 20.9% x 31.7%) of cases receiving MAT. Treatment rates increased with disorder severity, but MAT among the treated did not increase with severity. Being female, and previously married were associated with significantly elevated rates of treatment, while the never married had a significantly reduced rate of treatment. Conclusion: One in five people with mental disorders in T & uuml;rkiye receive some form of treatment; even fewer receive treatment that meets the criteria of being at least minimally adequate. These findings highlight the need to strengthen mental health service coverage, integrate mental health into primary care, and reduce sociodemographic inequalities.
Objective: Early life stress is a well-established risk factor for psychiatric disorders in adulthood; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) starting in adolescence on anxiety-and depression-like behaviors, as well as on hippocampal miR-34a, SIRT1, BDNF, and NLRP3 levels in rats treated with ketamine or fluoxetine. Methods: A total of 40 Wistar albino rats (4 weeks old) were divided into four groups: Control, CUMS, CUMS + fluoxetine (FLU), and CUMS + ketamine (KETA). Chronic unpredictable mild stress was applied for 6 weeks, while fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered during the last 3 weeks. Behavioral assessments were performed at weeks 3 and 6 using the sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), and forced swim test (FST). Hippocampal BDNF protein levels were measured by ELISA, and miR-34a, SIRT1, and NLRP3 gene expression levels were analyzed by RT-PCR. Results: Both fluoxetine and ketamine improved CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors. Chronic unpredictable mild stress decreased hippocampal BDNF levels and increased miR-34a expression. Fluoxetine reversed the increase in miR-34a and elevated SIRT1 expression and BDNF levels. In contrast, although ketamine improved behavioral outcomes, it did not significantly alter hippocampal BDNF or SIRT1 levels and did not reduce miR-34a expression. No significant differences in NLRP3 expression were observed among the groups. Conclusion: Adolescent CUMS induces depression-like behaviors by affecting the hippocampal miR-34a/SIRT1/BDNF axis. While the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine are associated with this axis, ketamine may exert its behavioral effects through different and possibly extra-hippocampal mechanisms. miR-34a may serve as a potential biomarker for depression related to early life stress.
Objective: No national mental health survey was conducted in T & uuml;rkiye in the last 30 years. We implemented such a survey in a representative sample of 1.790 adults in the Turkish household population using the World Mental Health Initiative Composite International Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (CIDI-5). The current report presents data on 12-month and 30-day prevalence, persistence, severity and sociodemographic correlates of disorders in this Turkish World Mental Health (WMH) Survey. Methods: Adults in a nationally representative sample of 4.067 Turkish households were selected for interview in October 2019. Fieldwork ended prematurely on March 17, 2020, due to COVID-19 pandemic travel restrictions. The 1.790 interviews completed as of that date represent a survey cooperation rate of 44.0% and a survey response rate of 25.6%. Results: The 12-month and 30-day prevalences of any DSM-5/CIDI disorder were 23.9% and 18.3%, respectively. Anxiety disorders (17.2%) were the most common class of disorders followed by mood disorders (12.4%). Most profiles were either severe (32.8%) or moderate (43.8%). Anxiety and mood disorders were more common among females than males, while externalizing disorders were more common among males than females. Overall disorder prevalence was associated with being female, younger age and low education. Conclusion: Nearly 1 in 4 Turkish adults meet criteria for one or more common 12-month DSM-5 disorders. These results underscore the need for improved mental health services for vulnerable groups and for longitudinal research to understand the mental health effects of stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, forced migration, or the recent earthquakes.
Objective: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Wender-Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (WRAADDS). Method: The study included 146 individuals diagnosed with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 86 healthy controls (ADHD group: age=24.46 +/- 5.82; control group: age=24.91 +/- 2.21). In addition to the WRAADDS, the Adult ADD/ADHD DSM-IV-Based Diagnostic and Assessment Scale, the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were administered. Results: The ADHD group showed significantly higher total and subscale scores on the WRAADDS compared to the control group (p <0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the original model demonstrated good fit (chi(2)=34.392, df=13, p=0.001). Under Factor 1, the dimensions of inattention and disorganization were included, whereas hyperactivity/restlessness, temper, affective lability, emotional overreactivity, and impulsivity were included under Factor 2. In the internal consistency analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.97 for Factor 1 and 0.59 for Factor 2, respectively. The WRAADDS total score showed significant positive correlations with the total scores of other ADHD scales (p <0.01). No significant correlations were found between WRAADDS total score and the anxiety or depression subscales of the HADS (p>0.05). Conclusion: The Turkish version of the WRAADDS is a psychometrically valid and reliable instrument that comprehensively assesses adult ADHD.
