Amaç:Bu araştırma, kadın konukevlerine ve bu konukevlerinde kalan kadınlara ilişkin toplumsal algıları incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.Yöntem:Çalışma nitel araştırma yaklaşımı doğrultusunda yürütülmüştür. Farklı sosyo-demografik özelliklere sahip katılımcılarla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir.Bulgular:Bulgular toplumsal algıların üç temel eksende şekillendiğini göstermektedir: Kurumsal bilgi eksikliği ve destek mekanizmalarına yönelim, şiddetin toplumsal normalleşmesi ve kadınların yapısal güçsüzleşmesi. Kadın konukevlerinin toplum tarafından yeterince bilinmediği ve çoğunlukla “son çare” olarak değerlendirildiği görülmektedir. Katılımcılar, şiddet durumlarında öncelikle aile ve yakın çevre gibi informel destek ağlarına yönelmekte, kurumsal başvuru süreçleri ise daha sonraki aşamalarda gündeme gelmektedir. Ayrıca, kadına yönelik şiddetin bazı durumlarda toplumsal normlar çerçevesinde normalleştirilebildiği anlaşılmaktadır.Sonuç:Araştırma kadın konukevlerine yönelik algıların, yardım arama davranışının çoğunlukla informel ağlar üzerinden şekillenmesi, şiddetin belirli durumlarda normalleştirilmesi ve kadınların şiddet ortamından uzaklaşmasını zorlaştıran çeşitli kısıtlar çerçevesinde ortaya çıktığını göstermektedir. Bu durum kadınların destek mekanizmalarına yönelimini sınırlayan dolaylı bir etki yaratmaktadır. Bu bulgular kadına yönelik şiddetin koruyucu sağlık hizmetleri kapsamında, özellikle birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri aracılığıyla ele alınmasının ve erken tanılama, yönlendirme ve erişim mekanizmalarının güçlendirilmesinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır.
Objective:In this study, the levels of sexual self-efficacy and protective behavior against sexually transmitted infections among women of reproductive age and the factors associated with protective behavior against sexually transmitted infections were explored.Methods:The study data were collected online via Google Form between April and June 2024. Descriptive Characteristics Form, Sexual self-efficacy (SSE) Scale, and Behavior Scale for Protection from Sexually Transmitted Diseases(STD-SCS) were used to evaluate the participants. The research was completed with 494 women. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analyses (enter method).Results:In this study, the participants’ mean STD-SCS and SSE scores were 83.9 (SD=10.9) and 32.6 (SD=7.1), respectively. The mean SSE scale scores and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were identified as significant determinants of the mean STD-SCS scores. In addition, education level, sexual self-efficacy, and knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases were found to be significant factors influencing protective behaviors.Conclusions:To ensure that no one is left behind, programs to improve women's sexual self-efficacy should be included in clinical/field intervention programs to be carried out for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections.
Background:Female genital mutilation (FGM) includes all non-medical procedures that involve partial or complete removal of the external female genitalia, or any injury to the female genital organs. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies FGM into four types and recognizes it as an internationally condemned violation of the human rights of girls and women.Objective:To synthesize recent evidence on the classification, global epidemiology, health consequences and primary-care implications of FGM, with particular attention to family physicians, midwives and primary-care nurses caring for immigrant women and girls living in Türkiye.Methods:Narrative review of articles published in English or Turkish between January 2000 and January 2026, identified through PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library and DergiPark. Reports and guidelines from WHO, UNICEF and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) were hand-searched for additional grey literature. Emphasis was placed on systematic reviews, meta-analyses, guidelines and policy documents published between 2020 and 2025.Results:Over 230 million girls and women alive today have undergone FGM. The practice is concentrated in approximately 30 countries and is increasingly relevant in host countries because of migration. Recent evidence confirms associations between FGM and obstetric, urological, sexual, psychological and other long-term health complications. Evidence for an association with infertility is suggestive but not definitive. Health-education interventions delivered through trusted community and primary-care channels may reduce the intention to perform FGM in future generations.Conclusion:Although FGM is not part of Türkiye's traditional culture and nationally representative prevalence data are unavailable, primary-care physicians in Türkiye may encounter affected women and girls because of migration from high-prevalence countries. Family physicians, midwives and primary-care nurses are therefore essential to case identification, trauma-informed and culturally sensitive counseling, appropriate referral, and community-level prevention. Targeted health-education programs for immigrant communities from high-prevalence countries are recommended as a primary, non-medical strategy to reduce the practice and its complications.
Aim:This investigation evaluated clinical oral conditions and patient-reported oral outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and determined whether these outcomes are associated with glycemic control.Methods:This study was cross-sectional and included 305 adults diagnosed with T2DM. Clinical oral status was measured with the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). In contrast, patient-reported oral health outcomes were evaluated with the structured self-reported oral health questionnaire and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Glycemic control was represented by HbA1c values obtained from medical records. Group comparisons were performed using nonparametric tests, and correlations between HbA1c and oral measures were explored with Spearman analysis.Results:Median (range) scores were 5 (0–10) for OHAT, 3 (0–7) for the subjective oral health score, and 16 (0–40) for OHIP-14. Participants who reported consistent oral hygiene practices and recent dental visits demonstrated more favorable oral health outcomes and lower OHIP-14 scores (p < 0.05). HbA1c levels showed strong positive correlations with OHAT (r = 0.676), subjective oral health score (r = 0.658), and OHIP-14 scores (r = 0.752) (all p < 0.001).Conclusion:Among individuals with T2DM, poorer glycemic control was associated with worse oral health status and poorer OHRQoL. Incorporating simple oral health screening into routine diabetes follow-up may facilitate early identification of oral problems when a comprehensive dental assessment is not readily available.
Karaciğer enzimlerinden alanin aminotransferaz (ALT) ve aspartat aminotransferazın (AST) normal sınırlarda olması, kronik karaciğer hastalığını dışlamak için yeterli değildir. Bu olguda, rutin takiplerinde transaminaz düzeyleri normal seyreden ancak masif varis kanaması ile başvuran 65 yaşında bir kadın hasta sunulmaktadır. Hastanın başvuru günü yapılan Portal Doppler ultrasonografi incelemesinin normal olarak raporlanmasına karşın, abdomen ultrasonografisinde asit ve sirotik değişiklikler izlenmiştir. Bu olgu, aile hekimliği pratiğinde sirozun erken tanısında transaminaz değerlerinden ziyade AST/ALT oranı, trombositopeni ve Fibrozis-4 (FIB-4) skoru gibi parametrelerin hayati önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu olgu sunumunun hazırlanmasında ve raporlanmasında, uluslararası standartlara uyum sağlamak amacıyla CARE (CAse REport) Checklist yönergesi dikkate alınmıştır.
