为探究超临界CO2流体对果胶酶处理棉纤维去除其表层果胶杂质效果的影响,分别在超临界CO2流体和水介质中用果胶酶处理棉纤维,并进行对比分析.借助扫描电子显微镜、分光测色仪、紫外分光光度计、万能强力仪等分别对处理后棉纤维的表面形貌、染色性能、固色性能和拉伸断裂强力等进行了比较和分析.结果显示:果胶酶能有效促使棉纤维表层杂质脱落,相较于传统水介质,超临界CO2流体介质中,果胶酶对棉纤维表层果胶杂质的去除效果更好,测得超临界CO2流体介质中,果胶酶分解的棉纤维表层果胶反应残液中的还原糖质量浓度达到了1.556g/L.处理后的棉纤维表层出现了剥落和细纹,染色上染程度更深更均匀,K/S值达到1.051,且耐皂洗色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度评级更高,拉伸断裂强力相比未处理的棉纤维有一定下降.
为了扩大中空多孔纤维膜在CO2分离方面的应用,提高其捕捉、分离CO2的能力,总结了中空多孔纤维膜在CO2气体分离中的应用研究进展,主要分析了中空多孔纤维膜在CO2分离过程中的溶解-扩散机制、促进传递机制和分子筛分机制;概括了干喷湿纺、湿法纺丝、静电纺丝及熔融纺丝-拉伸法等中空多孔纤维膜的制备方法;归纳了溶液混和、涂层包覆和蒸汽渗透在中空多孔纤维膜功能性整理方面的应用;最后指出现有中空多孔纤维膜应用于CO2气体分离方面所存在的气体传输性差、纤维膜孔隙无法控制等问题,并对未来的中空多孔纤维膜在低阻力条件下进行远距离气体传输和纤维孔隙的改善进行了展望.
为了解决医用防护服透气透湿性差和难降解的问题,采用水刺工艺制备聚乳酸(PLA)/粘胶水刺非织造材料,并使用喷雾胶将水刺、熔喷(M)、纺粘(S)材料黏合紧密制备 SM水刺复合非织造材料.采用单因素试验探讨水刺工艺(水刺面密度、聚乳酸混比、水刺压力)对SM水刺复合非织造材料的透湿和耐静水压性能影响和适用范围,并通过响应曲面试验优化SM水刺复合非织造材料的制备工艺.结果表明:最佳水刺工艺参数为聚乳酸混比 73%、水刺面密度 52 g/m2、水刺压力 2 MPa;最优工艺制备的 SM水刺复合非织造材料的耐静水压为 2.65 kPa,与预测值 2.71 kPa相差 2.21%,表明该预测模型可以很好地对材料的耐静水压进行分析和预测.通过优化得到SM水刺复合非织造材料的最佳工艺条件,可用于兼备良好透气透湿和阻隔性能的医用防护材料的开发.
In order to expand the product structure,comply with the trend of green design,carry out the concept of environmental protection,design and produce fabrics to meet the innovative design needs of textiles in the new era.40%green cashmere and 60%purple cashmere with natural color and no subsequent dyeing treatment were selected as raw materials,the whole process parameters of combing,spinning,weaving and finishing of worsted fabrics were designed,the worsted cashmere fabric with non-dyed jointed double-layer structure was designed and woven by spinning high-thread-density yarn with yarn density of 12.5 tex,twist of 424 twist/m,fiber length of 40.4 mm and fineness of 16.92 μm,the fabric is light and thin,soft and delicate,high added value,not only meet the needs of consumers,but also meet the requirements of low-carbon,green and sustainable development,effectively promote the transformation and upgrading of the product structure of the enterprise,enhance the brand value of the enterprise.
In order to analyze the role of humidity in fabric crease recovery,a test platform with temperature and humidity adjustment was set up to measure the whole process of fabric crease recovery under different relative humidity conditions.Six kinds of plain woven fabrics(two kinds each of cotton,mulberry silk and wool)were selected as test fabrics,and the crease specimens were prefabricated by pressing the crease of the fabrics with 30 N pressure for 24 h,and then placed in the platform with the temperature of 20℃and the relative humidity of 70%and 90%to carry out the test.The results show that humidity plays a significant role in the crease recovery of fabrics and is affected by the specification parameters of the fabrics by analyzing the scatter plot of the crease angle of each fabric in the direction of warp and weft crease over time,and under the effect of humidity,the final crease recovery effect of fabrics is inversely proportional to the density of the yarns and positively proportional to the twist rate of the yarns.At the same time,it is proved that this platform has experimental operability,which provides a practical basis for further research on the crease recovery performance of fabrics under the changeable external environmental factors such as heat,humidity and force.
