Chronic constipation is one of the most common health disorders in all of medicine. Its extent ranges from mild discomfort, which is usually easy to improve, to severe functional limitations that may significantly reduce quality of life and may be refractory to various treatment approaches. Our understanding of the pathomechanism has grown considerably in recent years and has also led to important new therapeutic developments. The resulting treatment options and recommendations are presented in the current update of the S2k constipation guideline in an evidence-based and practical manner. The respective significance of traditional and recent drug developments is classified and categorized in modern "step-up" treatment strategies. In particular, numerous important aspects of everyday practice are addressed, such as questions on long-term treatment and therapeutic options in specific constellations (adequate treatment of constipation in older people, constipation during pregnancy, and drug-induced [especially opioid-induced]constipation).The most important new developments (i.e. new therapeutic approaches, but also re-evaluations of "traditional" laxatives and the importance of careful diagnostics in therapy-refractory patients) are summarized in this article.
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