Background: Pyrostegia venusta, an evergreen climber belonging to Bignoniaceae, native to South America, naturalised in tropical parts, including India, has been found to possess good ethnomedicinal properties. Traditionally used in treating respiratory infections, wounds, skin problems, inflammation, and as a tonic, the plant’s above-ground parts, such as flowers, leaves, stems, and roots, are used in infusion or decoction forms. Aim: The present review is an interdisciplinary approach that consolidates evidence from ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological standpoints, explaining the anti-inflammatory mechanism, therapeutic potential, and prospects of P. venusta with respect to natural product-based drug development targeting inflammation-related disorders. Methods: A total literature survey integrated traditional uses from ethnopharmacological records with modern studies employing in vivo models (e.g., carrageenan-induced paw oedema, leukocyte migration inhibition), in vitro assays (e.g., DPPH radical scavenging, enzyme inhibition), phytochemical analyses [GC-MS, HPLC for flavonoids/sterols], and histological evaluations for wound healing. Data from Brazilian folk medicine, animal toxicity tests, and molecular pathway analysis, such as COX-2, NOS, and cytokines, were synthesised in the absence of primary experimentation. Results: The hydroethanolic/methanolic extracts were very effective against inflammation through COX-2/NOS inhibition, reduction of TNF-α/IL-6, and antioxidant activity, superior to controls in oedema models. The acceleration of wound healing with enhanced collagen-hydroxyproline content, tensile strength, and modulated cytokines, antinociceptive activity comparable to standards in pain models, along with ancillary antimicrobial action against S. aureus/E. coli, hepatoprotection, immunomodulation, and low acute toxicity-LD50 (>2000 mg/kg)-all support their use. Phytoconstituents such as oleanolic acid and flavonoids correlated well with multi-target modulation of the oxidative/inflammatory cascades. Conclusion: Pyrostegia venusta promises to be one of the most workable phytotherapies for inflammation, lesions, and pain, which the traditional and scientific data support with a very low level of toxicity. Future research should emphasise clinical trials, enhancement of bioavailability, and molecular docking for drug leads, thus advocating for sustainable integration into evidence-based medicine. Major Findings: Pyrostegia venusta extracts demonstrate potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting COX-2, NOS, TNF-α, and IL-6, while reducing oxidative stress via flavonoids like quercetin and oleanolic acid.
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