Background: The saddle fit plays a critical role in equine biomechanics and welfare, yet limited data exist regarding thoracolumbar kinetic responses in Criollo horses (Equus ferus caballus) using different saddle systems.Aims & Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate thoracolumbar kinetic variables in Criollo horses during locomotion using three saddle types.Methods: Thirty-three Criollo horses were assessed during walk, trot, and canter with three independent types of saddle. Kinetic variables, including contact area (cm²), mean pressure (kPa), force (N), peak pressure (kPa), and peak force (N), were measured in the cranial and caudal regions of the saddle using the F-Scan system. Data normality was verified using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Regional comparisons were performed using paired t-tests, whilst the statistical comparison between the independent variables' means was conducted using a two-way ANOVA. The interaction between variables’ effects was assessed using ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests (P < 0.05).Results: The Basto-style saddle with gel pad demonstrated significantly lower cranial force and greater caudal contact area, indicating improved load distribution. In contrast, the conventional saddle with a blanket revealed higher caudal pressure and peak force values, suggesting suboptimal pressure distribution. Across all conditions, the cranial region consistently exhibited higher kinetic values than the caudal region (P < 0.05), confirming that the saddle type significantly influences thoracolumbar biomechanics in Criollo horses.Conclusion: The Basto-style saddle with gel pad provided the most balanced pressure distribution across all types of saddles evaluated, thus may contribute to improved equine welfare.
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