Within Families, Across Borders: Lifespans of U.S. Immigrants Born in 1850-1890 Relative to Origin, Destination, and Siblings.

U.S. immigrants born in 1850-1890 had shorter lifespans than U.S.-born Whites. This mortality penalty was concentrated among specific origin groups. Migrants generally outlived origin populations and nonmigrant siblings. Migration-mortality patterns varied by origin, reflecting both origin and destination contexts.