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    专

    A PURIFICATION METHOD OF POROUS METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK MATERIALS

    11017842256A
    发明人
    JHUNG SUNG HWA, ENAMUL HAQUE
    受让人
    KYUNGPOOK NAT UNIV IND ACAD
    申请人
    华为技术有限公司
    申请号
    104258
    申请日
    2000-08-08
    公开(公告)号
    11017842256A
    公开(公告)日
    1997-04-21
    IPC分类号
    F16L/
    CPC分类号
    -
    优先权号
    876206
    US12517
    优先权日
    1997-06-15
    1998-06-14
    摘要

    A method and apparatus that operates two bridging protocols in a hybrid bridging node is described. The operation of the two bridging protocols in the hybrid node allows for an incremental transition of a provider bridging network from operating a legacy bridging protocol that shares MAC addresses to a bridging network that operates VPLS and/or PBB bridging protocols. The hybrid bridging node selectively broadcasts address resolution packets and unicast packets with unknown MAC addresses from the nodes operating VPLS and/or PBB to nodes operating a legacy bridging protocol.

    权利要求
    1. In a vacuum cleaner head, said head including a housing having an upper wall and a shroud which protrudes downwardly from said upper wall, said shroud having a rear wall, a pair of laterally spaced apart side walls and a front wall spaced forward of said rear wall, the improvement comprising a broom block which at least partially obstructs a rear portion of a lower entrance opening to a hollow interior space within said head which communicates with a vacuum plenum within said head, said block having a lower surface from which bristles arranged in a first matrix protrude downwardly, an upper surface which communicates with said vacuum plenum, and a plurality of vacuum passageways disposed between said lower and upper surfaces of said broom block, said vacuum passageways being interspersed with said bristles, said block having a front transversely disposed edge wall located rearwards from said front shroud wall to thus form between said front transversely disposed edge wall of said block and said front shroud wall, a front hollow portion of said interior space forward of said bristles, said front hollow portion of said interior space having a lower opening coextensive with a front portion of said lower entrance opening, and a valve which has a valve plate operable in a first direction in said housing to obstruct air flow between said front portion of said hollow interior space of said housing adjacent to an edge of said block and operable in a second direction away from said edge of said block to enable air flow between said front portion of said lower entrance opening of said housing and said hollow interior space thereof.
    2. An apparatus for removing debris particles from a surface, said apparatus comprising; a. a housing having an interior space which is at least partially hollow and has at least a partially unobstructed lower entrance opening which communicates with said interior space, said housing having an upper wall and a shroud which protrudes downwardly from said upper wall and which at least partially encircles said hollow interior space, said shroud having a rear wall, a pair of laterally spaced apart side walls, and a front wall spaced forward of said rear wall, b. a vacuum inlet port having a bore which communicates at a lower end thereof with said interior space, c. a vacuum source connectable to said vacuum inlet port of said housing, d. a downwardly protruding broom which has an upper end located within said hollow interior space of said housing and downwardly protruding bristles, e. said broom comprising in combination a block which at least partly obstructs a rear portion of said lower entrance opening of said housing, said block having a lower surface from which bristles arranged in a first matrix protrude downwardly, an upper surface which communicates with said hollow interior space of said housing, and a plurality of vacuum passageways disposed between said lower and upper surfaces of said block, said vacuum passageways being arranged in a second matrix interspersed with said bristles, said block having a front transversely disposed edge wall located rearwards from said front shroud wall to thus form between said front transversely disposed edge wall of said block and said front shroud wall a front hollow portion of said interior space forward of said bristles, said front hollow portion of said interior space having a lower opening coextensive with a front portion of said lower entrance opening, and f. a valve which has a valve plate operable in a first direction in said housing to obstruct air flow between said front portion of said hollow interior space of said housing adjacent to an edge of said block, and operable in a second direction away from said edge of said block to enable air flow between said front portion of said lower entrance opening of said housing and said hollow interior space thereof.
    3. The apparatus of claim 2 further including a pivotable union for pivotably joining said vacuum inlet port to a hollow tubular handle, said pivotable union enabling pivotable motion of said handle in a plane disposed longitudinally through said handle.
    4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said pivotable union includes in combination a boss which protrudes upwardly from said upper wall of said housing, said boss having therein a socket having a hollow interior space and a lower entrance opening which communicates with said hollow interior space of said housing, and an upper entrance opening comprising a rectangular cross-section slot which pivotably holds therewithin a hollow body having a lower entrance opening which communicates with said hollow interior space of said socket and an upper opening which communicates with a bore of a hollow tubular handle.
    说明书
    [0001]技术领域
    [0002]本发明涉及石油工程钻井技术领域,更具体地说涉及一种粒子冲击钻井用三牙轮钻头。
    [0003]背景技术
    [0004]随着我国浅层油气资源的逐渐枯竭,深层油气资源的开发进程日益加快,深井与超深井钻探过程中,硬地层与强研磨性地层成为制约机械钻速的一个重要因素,以川东北地区的须家河与珍珠冲组为例,牙轮钻头的平均机械钻速仅有0.7~1.34米/小时,硬地层与强研磨性地层的进尺占全井的4%~10%,但钻进用时却占全井钻井周期的25~30%,低钻速、长钻时带来的是钻井周期长、开发成本高的问题,制约着深层油气资源的整体开发效益;与此同时,牙轮钻头在钻速硬地层与强研磨性地层时,牙齿磨损过快、断齿、掉齿的现象也时有发生,钻头寿命过短,例如珍珠冲组平均厚度140米,而牙轮钻头的单只进尺低于20米,更换钻头导致的频繁起下钻也进一步拉低了深层油气资源的开发效益。
    [0005]国外研究表明,粒子冲击钻井技术可大幅度提高硬地层与强研磨性地层的机械钻速,而粒子冲击钻井的最终执行部件为钻头,但现有的牙轮钻头很难应用到粒子冲击钻井工艺中,存在诸多问题需要解决,如,高效密集的粒子射流如何调制、喷嘴形成的粒子射流如何有效覆盖井底、粒子射流如何避免直接冲击牙轮与牙齿等。
    [0006]发明内容
    [0007]为了克服上述现有技术中存在的缺陷和不足,本发明提供了一种粒子冲击钻井用三牙轮钻头,本发明旨在于提供一种新型粒子冲击钻井用三牙轮钻头,该钻头以粒子冲击破岩钻进为主,牙轮与牙齿机械破岩钻进为辅,适用于硬地层与强研磨性地层的高效钻进。本发明结构简单,加工制作成本低,使用过程中无需改变钻柱结构。
    [0008]为了解决上述现有技术中存在的问题,本发明是通过下述技术方案实现的:
    [0009]一种粒子冲击钻井用三牙轮钻头,其特征在于:包括钻头体、接头、一号牙爪、二号牙爪、三号牙爪、一号牙轮、二号牙轮、三号牙轮、一号粒子射流调制喷嘴、二号粒子射流调制喷嘴和三号粒子射流调制喷嘴,所述一号牙轮、二号牙轮和三号牙轮通过轴承机构分别与一号牙爪、二号牙爪和三号牙爪连接组装,一号粒子射流调制喷嘴位于一号牙轮与三号牙轮之间,二号粒子射流调制喷嘴位于一号牙轮与二号牙轮之间,三号粒子射流调制喷嘴位于二号牙轮与三号牙轮之间;所述一号粒子射流调制喷嘴、二号粒子射流调制喷嘴和三号粒子射流调制喷嘴焊接在钻头体上;接头位于钻头体下方用于与井下工具连接;所述一号牙轮、二号牙轮和三号牙轮上均设置有牙齿,所述一号牙轮、二号牙轮和三号牙轮上的牙齿与三个粒子射流调制喷嘴的轴线相适配,使得从三个粒子射流调制喷嘴中调制形成的粒子射流能够穿过三个牙轮及其布置在上面的牙齿。
    [0010]三个粒子射流调制喷嘴的内流道相同,所述内流道包括直柱入口段、锥形收缩段和直柱出口段,直柱出口段的出口直径为d,直柱出口段的长度为3-5d,锥形收缩段的收缩角为13°,长度为5-6d,直柱入口段的入口直径为2-4d,长度为1-2d。
    [0011]所述一号粒子射流调制喷嘴的出口中心距离钻头体轴线的距离为H,二号粒子射流调制喷嘴的出口中心距离钻头体轴线的距离为0.87H,三号粒子射流调制喷嘴的出口中心距离钻头体轴线的距离为1.22H。
    [0012]所述一号粒子射流调制喷嘴的中轴线与钻头体轴线的夹角为α,且一号粒子射流调制喷嘴的中轴线向钻头体内侧倾斜;所述二号粒子射流调制喷嘴的中轴线与钻头体轴线的夹角为2.12α,且二号粒子射流调制喷嘴的中轴线向钻头体内侧倾斜;所述三号粒子射流调制喷嘴的中轴线与钻头体的夹角为0.33α,且三号粒子射流调制喷嘴的中轴线向钻头体外侧倾斜。
    [0013]所述一号粒子射流调制喷嘴的出口位置距离井底的距离为8.5d,二号粒子射流调制喷嘴的出口位置距离井底的距离为7.8d,三号粒子射流调制喷嘴的出口位置距离井底的距离为10d。
    [0014]所述一号粒子射流调制喷嘴、二号粒子射流调制喷嘴和三号粒子射流调制喷嘴均采用硬质合金材质,通过钎焊方式与钻头体连接。
    [0015]所述牙齿的齿形结构可以是球形、尖卵形、勺形、圆锥形和楔形中的任何一种。
    [0016]与现有技术相比,本发明所带来的有益的技术效果表现在:
    [0017]1、与现有技术相比,本发明包括钻头体、接头、一号牙爪、二号牙爪、三号牙爪、一号牙轮、二号牙轮、三号牙轮、一号粒子射流调制喷嘴、二号粒子射流调制喷嘴和三号粒子射流调制喷嘴,结构简单,加工制作成本低,使用过程中无需改变钻柱结构,本发明采用粒子射流冲击破岩钻进为主,牙轮与牙齿机械破岩钻进为辅的工作方式,对硬地层与强研磨性地层的钻进效率大大优于现有的牙轮钻头,且在极端情况下,当地面粒子注入系统发生故障时,本发明亦可作为普通的牙轮钻头进行破岩钻进,有效规避作业风险。
    [0018]2、本发明三个粒子射流调制喷嘴的内流道相同,所述内流道包括直柱入口段、锥形收缩段和直柱出口段,可以有效为粒子射流调制喷嘴调制形成的粒子射流具有较高的密集性且减低喷嘴的加工难度。同时本发明中三个粒子射流调制喷嘴的布置方式,可以有效地实现三个粒子射流调制喷嘴形成的粒子射流能够对井底实现全覆盖,同时避免直接冲击牙轮与牙齿。
    [0019]附图说明
    [0020]图1为本发明俯视结构示意图;
    [0021]图2为本发明侧视结构示意图;
    [0022]图3为本发明拆掉牙轮后的俯视结构示意图;
    [0023]图4为本发明拆掉牙轮后的侧视结构示意图;
    [0024]图5为本发明粒子射流调制喷嘴结构示意图;
    [0025]附图标记:1、一号牙轮,2、二号牙轮,3、三号牙轮,4、一号粒子射流调制喷嘴,5、二号粒子射流调制喷嘴,6、三号粒子射流调制喷嘴,7、牙齿,8、钻头体,9、接头,10、一号牙爪,11、二号牙爪,12、三号牙爪,6-1、直柱出口段,6-2、锥形收缩段,6-3、直柱入口段。
    [0026]具体实施方式
    [0027]实施例1
    [0028]作为本发明一较佳实施例,参照说明书附图1-4,本实施例公开了:
    [0029]一种粒子冲击钻井用三牙轮钻头,包括钻头体8、接头9、一号牙爪10、二号牙爪11、三号牙爪12、一号牙轮1、二号牙轮2、三号牙轮3、一号粒子射流调制喷嘴4、二号粒子射流调制喷嘴5和三号粒子射流调制喷嘴6,所述一号牙轮1、二号牙轮2和三号牙轮3通过轴承机构分别与一号牙爪10、二号牙爪11和三号牙爪12连接组装,一号粒子射流调制喷嘴4位于一号牙轮1与三号牙轮3之间,二号粒子射流调制喷嘴5位于一号牙轮1与二号牙轮2之间,三号粒子射流调制喷嘴6位于二号牙轮2与三号牙轮3之间;所述一号粒子射流调制喷嘴4、二号粒子射流调制喷嘴5和三号粒子射流调制喷嘴6焊接在钻头体8上;接头9位于钻头体8下方用于与井下工具连接;所述一号牙轮1、二号牙轮2和三号牙轮3上均设置有牙齿7,所述一号牙轮1、二号牙轮2和三号牙轮3上的牙齿7与三个粒子射流调制喷嘴的轴线相适配,使得从三个粒子射流调制喷嘴中调制形成的粒子射流能够穿过三个牙轮及其布置在上面的牙齿7。
    [0030]实施例2
    [0031]作为本发明又一较佳实施例,参照说明书附图1-5,本实施例公开了:
    [0032]一种粒子冲击钻井用三牙轮钻头,包括钻头体8、接头9、一号牙爪10、二号牙爪11、三号牙爪12、一号牙轮1、二号牙轮2、三号牙轮3、一号粒子射流调制喷嘴4、二号粒子射流调制喷嘴5和三号粒子射流调制喷嘴6,所述一号牙轮1、二号牙轮2和三号牙轮3通过轴承机构分别与一号牙爪10、二号牙爪11和三号牙爪12连接组装,一号粒子射流调制喷嘴4位于一号牙轮1与三号牙轮3之间,二号粒子射流调制喷嘴5位于一号牙轮1与二号牙轮2之间,三号粒子射流调制喷嘴6位于二号牙轮2与三号牙轮3之间;所述一号粒子射流调制喷嘴4、二号粒子射流调制喷嘴5和三号粒子射流调制喷嘴6焊接在钻头体8上;接头9位于钻头体8下方用于与井下工具连接;所述一号牙轮1、二号牙轮2和三号牙轮3上均设置有牙齿7,所述一号牙轮1、二号牙轮2和三号牙轮3上的牙齿7与三个粒子射流调制喷嘴的轴线相适配,使得从三个粒子射流调制喷嘴中调制形成的粒子射流能够穿过三个牙轮及其布置在上面的牙齿7;
    [0033]在本实施例中,为保证粒子射流调制喷嘴调制形成的粒子射流具有较高的密集性且减低喷嘴的加工难度,三个粒子射流调制喷嘴的内流道相同,所述内流道包括直柱入口段6-3、锥形收缩段6-2和直柱出口段6-1,直柱出口段6-1的出口直径为d,直柱出口段6-1的长度为3d,锥形收缩段6-2的收缩角为13°,长度为5d,直柱入口段6-3的入口直径为2d,长度为1d。
    [0034]实施例3
    [0035]作为本发明又一较佳实施例,参照说明书附图1-5,本实施例公开了:
    [0036]一种粒子冲击钻井用三牙轮钻头,包括钻头体8、接头9、一号牙爪10、二号牙爪11、三号牙爪12、一号牙轮1、二号牙轮2、三号牙轮3、一号粒子射流调制喷嘴4、二号粒子射流调制喷嘴5和三号粒子射流调制喷嘴6,所述一号牙轮1、二号牙轮2和三号牙轮3通过轴承机构分别与一号牙爪10、二号牙爪11和三号牙爪12连接组装,一号粒子射流调制喷嘴4位于一号牙轮1与三号牙轮3之间,二号粒子射流调制喷嘴5位于一号牙轮1与二号牙轮2之间,三号粒子射流调制喷嘴6位于二号牙轮2与三号牙轮3之间;所述一号粒子射流调制喷嘴4、二号粒子射流调制喷嘴5和三号粒子射流调制喷嘴6焊接在钻头体8上;接头9位于钻头体8下方用于与井下工具连接;所述一号牙轮1、二号牙轮2和三号牙轮3上均设置有牙齿7,所述一号牙轮1、二号牙轮2和三号牙轮3上的牙齿7与三个粒子射流调制喷嘴的轴线相适配,使得从三个粒子射流调制喷嘴中调制形成的粒子射流能够穿过三个牙轮及其布置在上面的牙齿7;所述一号粒子射流调制喷嘴4、二号粒子射流调制喷嘴5和三号粒子射流调制喷嘴6均采用硬质合金材质,通过钎焊方式与钻头体8连接;所述牙齿7的齿形结构可以是球形、尖卵形、勺形、圆锥形和楔形中的任何一种。
    [0037]在本实施例中,为保证粒子射流调制喷嘴调制形成的粒子射流具有较高的密集性且减低喷嘴的加工难度,三个粒子射流调制喷嘴的内流道相同,所述内流道包括直柱入口段6-3、锥形收缩段6-2和直柱出口段6-1,直柱出口段6-1的出口直径为d,直柱出口段6-1的长度为4d,锥形收缩段6-2的收缩角为13°,长度为5.5d,直柱入口段6-3的入口直径为3d,长度为1.5d;
    [0038]在本实施例中,为保证粒子射流调制喷嘴调制形成的粒子射流具有较高的密集性且减低喷嘴的加工难度,三个粒子射流调制喷嘴的内流道相同,所述内流道结构还可以是包括直柱入口段6-3、锥形收缩段6-2和直柱出口段6-1,直柱出口段6-1的出口直径为d,直柱出口段6-1的长度为5d,锥形收缩段6-2的收缩角为13°,长度为6d,直柱入口段6-3的入口直径为4d,长度为2d;
    [0039]在本实施例中,为实现三个粒子射流调制喷嘴形成的粒子射流能够对井底实现全覆盖,同时避免直接冲击牙轮与牙齿7,喷嘴布置方式所述如下:
    [0040]所述一号粒子射流调制喷嘴4的出口中心距离钻头体8轴线的距离为H,二号粒子射流调制喷嘴5的出口中心距离钻头体8轴线的距离为0.87H,三号粒子射流调制喷嘴6的出口中心距离钻头体8轴线的距离为1.22H。
    [0041]所述一号粒子射流调制喷嘴4的中轴线与钻头体8轴线的夹角为α,且一号粒子射流调制喷嘴4的中轴线向钻头体8内侧倾斜;所述二号粒子射流调制喷嘴5的中轴线与钻头体8轴线的夹角为2.12α,且二号粒子射流调制喷嘴5的中轴线向钻头体8内侧倾斜;所述三号粒子射流调制喷嘴6的中轴线与钻头体8的夹角为0.33α,且三号粒子射流调制喷嘴6的中轴线向钻头体8外侧倾斜。
    [0042]所述一号粒子射流调制喷嘴4的出口位置距离井底的距离为8.5d,二号粒子射流调制喷嘴5的出口位置距离井底的距离为7.8d,三号粒子射流调制喷嘴6的出口位置距离井底的距离为10d。
    [0043]以上所述仅为本发明最具代表性的实施方式,凡依据本发明范围内所做的均等变化与修饰,均应属于本发明的涵盖范围。
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