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    专

    Compositions and methods for arranging colloid phases

    PL3208347A
    发明人
    SWAGER TIMOTHY M, BLANKSCHTEIN EDMUNDO DANIEL, ZARZAR LAUREN DELL, SRESHT VISHNU, SLETTEN ELLEN, KALOW JULIA ANN
    受让人
    MASSACHUSETTS INST TECHNOLOGY (MASI-C), MASSACHUSETTS INST TECHNOLOGY (MASI-C)
    申请人
    SNAPTRACK INC
    申请号
    023134
    申请日
    1997-11-10
    公开(公告)号
    PL3208347A
    公开(公告)日
    2012-09-20
    IPC分类号
    A43B005/04A63C009/086
    CPC分类号
    -
    优先权号
    583943P
    168602
    优先权日
    2004-06-28
    2005-06-27
    摘要

    The storage device has a board-like casing to store and protect the information recorded in a disk (112). A bag like storage member is formed by gradually upheaving a base plate (102) of the storage member. A driving hole is formed in the casing of the storage media. A clamping plate (110) is installed in the centre of the disk. A laminated spring member compresses the clamping plate into the inner surface of the casing.

    ADVANTAGE -Prevents generation of contact sound of disk and casing. Suppresses shaking of disk.

    权利要求
    1. A method of displaying condition information which changes from time to time in a system transmitting and receiving the condition information from terminals connected to a network and displaying the condition information using a display unit, the system performing a process comprising: storing a reference time for determining a freshness level of the condition information in a terminal which receives the condition information from other terminals through the network; determining a visual freshness level of the condition information according to a determination of the freshness level of the condition information based upon said reference time and a visual freshness level determination table; and updating a display mode visually displaying the freshness level of the condition information based upon a visual representation of the condition information and the determined visual freshness level of the condition information, wherein the display unit displays the display mode of the condition information and a user can observe at a glance the freshness level of the condition information.
    2. A method of displaying condition information as claimed in claim 1 , wherein determining the freshness level of the condition information comprises: calculating a difference between a time the terminal receives the condition information from the other terminals as the reference time and a time the other terminals reference the condition information in the terminal receiving the condition information; and determining the freshness level of the condition information depending upon a preset rule and the calculated difference.
    3. A condition display system transmitting and receiving condition information which changes from time to time from terminals connected to a network and displaying the condition information using a display unit, comprising: a storage unit storing a reference time for determining a freshness level of the condition information in a terminal which receives the condition information from other terminals through the network; a visual freshness level determination unit determining a visual freshness level of the condition information according to a determination of the freshness level of the condition information based upon said reference time and a visual freshness level determination table, and updating a display mode visually displaying the freshness level of the condition information based upon a visual representation of the condition information and the determined visual freshness level of the condition information, wherein the display unit displays the display mode of the condition information and a user can observe at a glance the freshness level of the condition information.
    4. A condition display system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the visual freshness determining unit determines the freshness level of the condition information by calculating a difference between a time the terminal receives the condition information from the other terminals as the reference time and the time the other terminals reference the condition information in the terminal receiving the condition information and determining the freshness level of the condition information depending upon a preset rule and the calculated difference.
    5. A condition display system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein as the visual freshness level, line widths of figure data corresponding to the display mode of the condition information are thick upon update of the condition information and line widths of the figure data are thinner as the freshness level deteriorates.
    6. A condition display system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein as the visual freshness level, size of figure data corresponding to the display mode of the condition information are large upon update of the condition information and size of the figure data are smaller as the freshness level deteriorates.
    7. A condition display system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein as the visual freshness level, a mark is added to each figure data corresponding to the display mode of the condition information and the mark is bold upon update of the condition information and the mark is lighter as the freshness level deteriorates.
    8. A hand-held communication terminal connected to a network and automatically receiving through the network, at one of any time and in a predetermined timing, condition information automatically transmitted through the network from another terminal receiving the condition information from other terminals, at one of any time and in the predetermined timing, the hand-held communication terminal performing a process comprising: displaying a display mode of the condition information received through the network; determining a freshness level of the condition information; determining a visual freshness level of the condition information according to the determined freshness level of the condition information and a visual freshness level determination table; and updating the display mode visually displaying the freshness level of the condition information based upon the determined visual freshness level of the condition information to change the display mode visually displaying the freshness level of the condition information.
    9. A hand-held communication terminal as claimed in claim 8 , further comprising a process of determining a passage of time as the freshness level of the condition information by calculating a difference between a current time and a time the another terminal receives the condition information.
    10. A hand-held communication terminal as claimed in claim 8 , further comprising a process of determining a passage of time as the freshness level of the condition information by calculating a difference between a current time and a time the hand-held communication terminal receives the condition information.
    11. A hand-held communication terminal as claimed in claim 8 , further comprising a process of determining a passage of time as the freshness level of the condition information by calculating a difference between a time the another terminal receives the condition information and a time the hand-held communication terminal receives the condition information.
    12. A hand-held communication terminal as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the condition information is condition information of a user.
    13. A hand-held communication terminal as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the condition information is condition information of a group of users and users in the group.
    14. A method of displaying condition information which changes from time to time in a condition information management system transmitting and receiving the condition information from terminals connected to a network, comprising: storing, in a terminal, the condition information received from other terminals; determining, in the terminal, display mode changing information controlling a display mode displaying the received condition information, according to a process comprising: determining a freshness level of the condition information by calculating a difference between a time the terminal receives the condition information from the other terminals and a time the terminal transmits the condition information to the other terminals, determining a visual freshness level of the condition information according to the determined freshness level of the condition information and a visual freshness level determination table, determining the display mode changing information to visually display a change in the freshness level of the condition information based upon the determined visual freshness level of the condition information, and transmitting automatically to the other terminals the condition information and the display mode changing information.
    15. A method of displaying condition information as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the terminal transmits automatically the condition information received by the terminal to the other terminals through the network upon receiving a condition information request from the other terminals.
    16. A method of displaying condition information as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the terminal transmits automatically the condition information received by the terminal to the other terminals through the network in a predetermined timing to a predetermined list of the other terminals.
    17. A method of displaying condition information as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the terminal storing the condition information receives from the other terminals a condition information notification request comprising terminal destinations and registers the terminal destinations included the request in the predetermined list of the other terminals.
    18. A method of displaying condition information as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the terminal transmits to the other terminals a time the terminal receives the condition information as the display mode changing information.
    19. A method of displaying condition information as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the terminal receives condition information of a user and the terminal transmits automatically the condition information of the user received by the terminal to the other terminals through the network upon receiving a condition information request from the other terminals, further comprising a process of: storing identifying information of the user in a reference user list upon receiving the condition information request; and displaying a figure mark corresponding to the display mode of the condition information of each user depending on users in the reference user list issuing the condition information request.
    20. A computer readable recording medium storing a program to control a system transmitting and receiving condition information from terminals connected to a network and displaying the condition information using a display unit, according to a process comprising: storing a time a terminal receives the condition information from other terminals through the network; determining a freshness level of the condition information according to said stored time to determine a freshness of the condition information at a time the other terminals through the network reference the condition information in the terminal receiving the condition information; determining a visual freshness level of the condition information according to the determined freshness level of the condition information and a visual freshness level determination table; and updating a display mode visually displaying the freshness level of the condition information based upon a visual representation of the condition information and the determined freshness level of the condition information, wherein the display unit displays the display mode of the condition information and a user can observe at a glance the freshness level of the condition information.
    21. A hand-held communication terminal connected to a network and automatically receiving through the network condition information automatically transmitted through the network from another terminal receiving the condition information from other terminals and the hand-held communication terminal displaying the condition information using a display unit, comprising: a visual freshness determination unit determining a visual freshness level of the condition information received by the hand-held communication terminal through the network from the terminal, according to a process comprising: determining a freshness level of the condition information; determining the visual freshness level of the condition information according to the determined freshness level of the condition information and a visual freshness level determination table; and a display controlling unit controlling a display mode visually displaying the freshness level of the condition information based upon a visual representation of the condition information and the determined visual freshness level of the condition information, wherein the display unit displays the display mode of the condition information.
    22. A hand-held communication terminal as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the visual freshness determination unit calculates a difference between a current time and a time the another terminal receives the condition information for determining the freshness level of the condition information.
    23. A hand-held communication terminal as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the visual freshness determination unit calculates a difference between a current time and a time the hand-held communication terminal receives the condition information for determining the freshness level of the condition information.
    24. A hand-held communication terminal as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the visual freshness determination unit calculates a difference between a time the another terminal receives the condition information and a time the hand-held communication terminal receives the condition information for determining the freshness level of the condition information.
    25. A hand-held communication terminal as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the condition information is condition information of a user.
    26. A hand-held communication terminal as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the condition information is condition information of a group of users and users in the group.
    27. A hand-held communication terminal as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the hand-held communication terminal transmits a condition information request to the another terminal and the another terminal transmits automatically the condition information received by the another terminal to the hand-held communication terminal through the network upon receiving the condition information request from the hand-held communication terminal.
    28. A hand-held communication terminal as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the hand-held communication terminal automatically receives from the another terminal the condition information received by the another terminal through the network in a predetermined timing.
    29. A hand-held communication terminal as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the hand-held communication terminal transmits a condition information request to the another and the another terminal receives condition information of a user and the another terminal transmits automatically the condition information of the user received by the another terminal to the hand-held communication terminal through the network upon receiving the condition information request from the hand-held communication terminal, wherein the another terminal comprises an acquiring request processing unit storing identifying information of other users issuing condition information requests corresponding to the condition information of the user in a reference user list upon receiving the condition information requests from the other users and the another terminal references the reference user list and automatically transmits to the hand-held communication unit, in addition to the condition information of the user, the identifying information of the other users issuing the condition information requests corresponding to the condition information of the user; and wherein the display controlling unit determines a figure mark corresponding to the display mode of the condition information of each user, depending on the identifying information of the other users issuing the condition information requests corresponding to the condition information of each user, and the display unit displays the figure mark corresponding to the display mode of the condition information of each user.
    30. A method of providing a display mode displaying condition information which changes from time to time in a condition information management system transmitting and receiving the condition information from terminals connected to a network, the method comprising: storing in a terminal a reference time corresponding to a time the terminal receives the condition information from another terminal; and changing the display mode displaying the condition information according to timeliness information of the condition information determined using the reference time and a rule and a determination of a visual freshness level of the condition information according to the timeliness information and a visual freshness level determination table.
    31. A display, comprising: a programmed computer processor controlling the display according to a process comprising: determining a freshness level of the condition information; determining a visual freshness level of the condition information according to the determined freshness level of the condition information and a visual freshness level determination table; and visually displaying the freshness level of the condition information based upon a visual representation of the condition information and the determined visual freshness level of the condition information, wherein a user can observe at a glance the freshness level of the condition information.
    32. A method of displaying on a screen of a computer terminal an awareness information of a person using other computer terminal connected to a network, the method performing a process comprising: storing a reference time for determining a freshness level of the awareness information in a terminal which receives the awareness information from other terminals through the network; determining a visual freshness level of the condition information according to a determination of the freshness level of the condition information based upon said reference time and a visual freshness level determination table; and displaying a display mode visually displaying the awareness information with a variable icon pattern according to said visual freshness level, wherein a user of said terminal can observe at a glance the freshness level of the awareness information.
    33. A method of controlling a condition information which changes from time to time in a condition information management server transmitting and receiving the condition information from terminals connected to a network, comprising: storing in said condition information management server the condition information received from each of said terminals; determining display mode changing information controlling a display mode displaying the received condition information, according to a process comprising: determining a freshness level of the condition information, determining a visual freshness level of the condition information according to the determined freshness level of the condition information and a visual freshness level determination table, determining the display mode changing information to visually display a change in the freshness level of the condition information based upon the determined visual freshness level of the condition information, and transmitting automatically the condition information received by the condition information management server and the display mode changing information to control the display mode displaying the received condition information to the other terminals through the network.
    34. A method of displaying condition information as claimed in claim 33 , further comprising determining the freshness level of the condition information by calculating a difference between a time the condition information management server receives the condition information from each of said terminals and a time the condition information management server transmits the condition information to the other terminals.
    说明书
    [0001]塑料片材加工设备
    [0002]技术领域
    [0003]本发明涉及一种用来加工诸如PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)之类的塑料片材并切割加工好的塑料片材的设备。
    [0004]背景技术
    [0005]当用一块塑料片材来形成如图2所示的包装盒时,首先准备如图1中所示的一块塑料片材1。片材1已经被切割成与所要求的包装盒相应的形状。在片材1上形成有一些凹槽102,沿着诸凹槽102弯折片材1从而制成包装盒。凹槽102被称作“折叠线”或简称为“折线”。折线通过一种其中将一称为“折线形成刀片”的零件压在片材1上的工艺来形成。
    [0006]这样的包装盒和塑料罐的原材料是由诸如PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)之类的热塑性树脂制成的塑料片材。这样的塑料片材以成卷长板的形式从塑料制造商运输来。在一个中间工序中,片材被切割成预定形状的片材(一般为矩形)。在形成折线之后,片材在一个自动包装机中被切割成与所要形成的包装盒相应的形状。当包装盒从制造厂运输到最终用户(例如百货公司、固定销售点、化妆品公司)时,包装盒是不形成为其最终形状地运输的。也就是说,将多块如图1所示的切割好的片材堆叠起来,然后进行运输。可替代地,如图3所示,切割成的片材的一个粘合接头边片103粘结到片材的一个对应部分上,以产生一个半成品的包装盒,然后压扁该半成品的包装盒。将多个压扁的半成品包装盒堆叠起来并进行运输。在前一种情况下,用户必须将各切割成的片材的粘合接头边片103粘合到切割成的片材的对应部分上以制成一个盒体。因此,塑料盒一般是以图3中所示的形式运输的。在任一种情况下,各塑料盒(塑料片材)的表面101在运输中可能会受到另一塑料盒的表面的摩擦并划伤。当塑料盒的表面被划伤时,塑料盒的商业价值就降低了。为了避免这个问题,可以采用一种对塑料表面进行覆层的方法。但这种方法有一个缺点,就是盒体变得不透明(或半透明),这样就难以看见放在盒中的产品。
    [0007]为了避免上述的问题,可以采用一种在相邻的塑料片材之间插入一张薄纸片的方法。但这个方法有一个缺点,就是在分离塑料片材时必须移去纸片,从而所需要的劳动量增加。
    [0008]当塑料片材加工设备生产并堆叠多块具有预定形状的塑料片材(例如,如赛璐珞板之类的片材),由于它们紧紧地相互粘着,所以难于将它们相互分离开。为了解决这个问题,已提出一种塑料片材的加工方法,它能可靠地将堆叠起来的片材一次一块地分离开,并将它们供给到一个诸如自动包装机之类的工作机械中(参见日本专利申请公开号9-174768,名称为“塑料片材加工工艺”)。这个专利公开文本揭示了一个如下所述的塑料片材加工设备。
    [0009]从卷上退绕的塑料片材经过一个消除卷曲的工序、一个防静电处理工序、一个折线形成工序、一个滑动粉敷施工序以及一个切割工序,从而获得多块塑料片材并接着将它们堆叠起来。由于在防静电处理工序中各块片材上都涂覆了防静电剂,并且在切割之前各片材上敷施了滑动粉,所以能容易、可靠地一次一块地分离片材。
    [0010]但该公布的方法和设备不能解决塑料片材的表面易于被划伤的问题。
    [0011]发明内容
    [0012]本发明的一个目的是提供一种塑料片材加工设备,它能够生产出能易于一次分离出一块且不会发生划伤的预定形状的塑料片材。
    [0013]本发明提供一种用来将从卷材上退绕的长条形塑料片材切割成预定形状的塑料片材加工设备,它包括:一个用来加热塑料片材的加热单元;一个用来在加热了的塑料片材上以基本不变的间距均匀地形成若干凹陷的压纹单元;一个用来将防静电剂涂覆到压纹好的塑料片材上的防静电剂涂覆单元;一个用来将滑动增强剂敷施到压纹好的塑料片材上的滑动增强剂敷施单元;以及一个用来将塑料片材切割成预定形状的切割单元。
    [0014]压纹单元可包括一个其表面上带有若干细小凸起的轧辊(plastoroller);和一个与该轧辊成对的橡胶辊子,该橡胶辊子有一橡胶制成的表面层。
    [0015]当通过本发明的设备生产塑料片材时,各块片材上均匀地形成了许多凹陷。因此,当堆叠塑料片材时,在相邻的塑料片材之间形成了一个空气层。也就是说,在本发明中,由于在塑料片材的加工步骤中在塑料片材的表面上均匀地形成了诸小且浅的凹陷,所以就可以解决片材的紧密粘着和容易形成划痕之类的传统问题。形成凹陷用的辊子单元称作压纹单元,它由一个轧辊和一个橡胶辊子组成。当加热了的塑料片材从轧辊和橡胶辊子之间穿过时,就均匀地形成了细小的凹陷。使用该设备来制成并带有细小凹陷的塑料片材保持了透明度。因此,当用这种塑料片材制成盒体并且在盒体中放入物品时,就可以从外部透过盒体看见在盒体内的物品,如同传统的透明塑料盒的情况一样。
    [0016]附图简述
    [0017]当参照以下对较佳实施例的详细描述并同时结合附图进行考虑时,人们会容易赞同本发明的各种其它的目的、特征以及许多附加的优点,并对它们更为理解。在这些附图中:
    [0018]图1是一块带有诸折线用来形成包装盒的塑料片材的平面图;
    [0019]图2是一个用图1的塑料片材制成的一个盒体的立体图;
    [0020]图3是一个示出被压扁以成叠运输的盒体的形状说明图;
    [0021]图4是根据本发明的塑料片材加工设备的示意图;
    [0022]图5是一个压纹单元的侧视图(从压纹单元的一轴向端部所见的图);
    [0023]图6是压纹单元的一个轧辊的侧视图;
    [0024]图7是带有用压纹单元形成的诸凹陷的塑料片材的立体图;以及
    [0025]图8是表示压纹单元的轧辊的一个示例形状(橡胶辊子具有相同的形状)的图。
    [0026]具体实施方式
    [0027]下面将参照附图对本发明的一实施例进行描述。图4示出了一个用来产生带有细小凹陷的塑料片材的塑料片材加工设备2。一块用作原材料的塑料片材(以下称为“原材塑料片材”)是用诸如PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、PVC(聚氯乙烯)或者PP(聚丙烯)之类的热塑性树脂制成的。一卷长条形的原材塑料片材3放置在一个辊子210上,并连续地进给到设备2的内部。使原材塑料片材3绕过加热辊子220行进,从而对其进行加热。加热辊子220由供应到其内部的热油加热。在所示的例子中,使原材塑料片材3绕过四个加热辊子220行进。在冷却之前,加热了的原材塑料片材3经过一个压纹单元230以在其上形成细小的凹陷。在经过压纹单元230之后,原材塑料片材3就沿着一条笔直的路线传输,从而得到冷却。这样就消除了原材塑料片材3中的卷曲的部分,从而使塑料片材平直。此外,通过一个防静电剂涂覆单元240将防静电剂涂覆到原材塑料片材3上。较佳的是可使用一种主要包含表面活性剂(阳离子表面活性剂)的防静电剂。在最后的阶段中,通过一个滑动增强粉敷施单元250在原材塑料片材3上敷施一种滑动增强粉(用来增强片材的滑动性能的粉末),然后一个通过切割单元260来将它切割成预定的形状。这样生产出来的塑料片材1就堆叠在一个叠板箱270中。可将硅覆层的细淀粉用作滑动增强粉。
    [0028]下面将描述在本发明中起着重要作用的压纹单元230。如图5所示,压纹单元230包括一个轧辊231和一个橡胶辊子232。当原材塑料片材从两辊子之间穿过时,轧辊231就形成许多细小的凹陷。图6是从转动轴2312的一端所见的轧辊的侧视图。在轧辊231的圆周表面上形成有许多各自呈柱形的凸起2311。凸起2311在原材塑料片材3的上形成凹陷。如图7所示,由压纹单元230形成在塑料片材1(亦即如图4中所述的原材塑料板3)上的凹陷110是很浅的且以等间距均匀分布。图6中所示的凸起2311和图7中所示的凹陷110是以夸大的形式描绘的;实际上,凹陷110是如此地浅、小,以至于通过目视观测不能清晰地察觉各个凹陷的存在。凹陷110的深度和直径设置成当整体观看原材塑料片材3时可以观察到一个轻微的网格图案,并且手指可以感觉出稍有粗糙的纹理。因此,原材塑料片材3仍基本保持透明。尽管如图6中所示的诸凸起2311各自的横截面为圆形,但是它们的横截面也可以是矩形或者正方形的。各凸起2311的高度为0.02至0.10毫米,较佳的是0.04至0.08毫米,更佳的是约为0.06毫米;并且横截面面积为0.01至0.09平方毫米,较佳的是0.03至0.07平方毫米,更佳的是约0.05平方毫米(在各凸起2311为正方形截面的情况下约0.22毫米×0.22毫米)。凸起2311以0.1至0.7毫米的间距排布在轧辊231的圆周表面上,该间距较佳的是0.25至0.55毫米,更佳的是约0.4毫米。均匀地形成的细小凹陷防止堆叠片材的紧密粘着,从而使片材能够容易地分离开并且防止了划痕的形成,不然这些划痕则会由于片材的相互接触而形成。
    [0029]图8示出了轧辊231的一个示例形状(单位:毫米)。在图6中所示的凸起2311是在轧辊231的整个圆周表面2313上均匀地分布的。尽管橡胶辊子232的形状与轧辊231的形状相同,但是橡胶辊子232形成为比轧辊231的直径大,并且在橡胶辊子232的圆周表面上没有形成凸起。由于是在热塑性原材塑料片材3保持高温的时段中进行压纹的,所以在原材塑料片材3从轧辊231和橡胶辊子232之间穿过时容易地在原材塑料片材3上形成均匀凹陷。
    [0030]对原材塑料片材3涂覆防静电剂的目的是为了防止灰尘粘附到塑料片材3上从而弄脏片材,而不涂覆防静电剂则会由于在塑料片材中集结的静电而粘附灰尘。敷施滑动增强粉的目的是为了防止否则会由于堆叠的塑料片材的紧密粘着而在自动包装盒生产机的工作过程中所产生的问题;特别是为了防止同时进给两块或者更多块塑料片材。与传统的敷施滑动增强粉但其中没有形成凹陷的塑料片材相比,本发明的带有诸凹陷的塑料片材能够被无失误地一块一块地分离开。此外,滑动增强粉防止了划痕的形成,否则由于片材之间的滑动接触会形成划痕。
    [0031]如上所述,通过在塑料片材的表面上形成细小的凹陷,就能防止塑料片材的紧密粘着,以及防止否则会在堆叠地运输塑料片材或进给入一个盒体形成工序时由于片材之间的滑动接触而产生的划痕。由于无需如传统地所使用的特殊覆层,所以能够简化加工工艺。此外,由于没有使用特殊的试剂,所以无需额外的成本。不仅如此,由于没有涂覆特殊的覆层,所以能够保持原材塑料片材的清晰度。
    [0032]显然,人们按照上面的叙述可以对本发明作出各种修改和变型。因此人们应予理解,本发明可以在所附权利要求书的保护范围内,不按照本文特殊所述的例子来实施。
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