专

Method to increase algal biomass and enhance its quality for the production of fuel

1482022141372B1

发明人

BENNING CHRISTOPH, LI XIAOBO, LIU BENSHENG, KUO MIN-HAO, SEARS BARBARA

受让人

UNIV MICHIGAN STATE (UNMS-C), UNIV MICHIGAN STATE (UNMS-C)

申请人

ZENTIVA K S

申请号

16128766

申请日

2023-04-20

公开(公告)号

1482022141372B1

公开(公告)日

2019-02-07

IPC分类号

B05B017/00A01G025/09A01M007/00F04D025/04

CPC分类号

优先权号

214198

优先权日

1991-07-31

摘要

NOVELTY - The utility model relates to the technical field of breathing machine, in order to solve the defect that the fixing of the water collecting cup still has insufficient stability in the existing technology, the utility model claims a supporting and adjusting mechanism for water collecting cup of breathing machine, comprising a breathing machine main body, an installation groove and a distance adjusting block, the installation groove is fixedly installed at one end of the distance adjusting block, the distance adjusting block is fixedly connected with the respirator main body through the installation groove, the utility model can drive the T-shaped sliding block to slide at the top part of the fixed disc through setting the clamping component and rotating the adjusting nut, the multiple rubber pads are driven to clamp and fix the water collecting cups with different volumes from different directions, which can be suitable for water collecting cups with multiple types, the application range is wide and the stability is strong, a supporting frame is set, the distance adjusting block and the limiting component can flexibly adjust the position of the clamping component for fixing the water collecting cup, and the supporting frame and the distance adjusting block are fixed integrally through the limiting component, the operation is more flexible and the fixing of the water collecting cup is more stable.

权利要求

1. An integrated circuit for a smart card comprising: a transceiver; and a processor for communicating with a host device via said transceiver and performing a plurality of smart card applications, said processor for cooperating with the host device to perform an enumeration based upon at least one default descriptor, generating an initial look-up table for allocating data to respective smart card applications based upon the enumeration, and detecting a system event and, responsive to the system event, cooperating with the host device to perform a new enumeration based upon at least one alternate descriptor and generating a new look-up table based thereon having a different allocation of data to respective smart card applications than the initial look-up table.

2. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein each application has at least one endpoint associated therewith, and wherein the look-up tables are for allocating data to respective application endpoints.

3. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the system event comprises a system utilization metric exceeding a threshold.

4. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the system event comprises the occurrence of attempted unauthorized communications.

5. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one device descriptor.

6. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one configuration descriptor.

7. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one interface descriptor.

8. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one endpoint descriptor.

9. The integrated circuit of claim 1 further comprising at least one memory connected to said processor for storing the look-up tables.

10. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein said transceiver comprises a universal serial bus (USB) transceiver, and wherein said processor operates in a USB mode.

11. A smart card comprising: a smart card body; and an integrated circuit carried by said smart card body and comprising a transceiver, and a processor for communicating with a host device via said transceiver and performing a plurality of smart card applications, said processor for cooperating with the host device to perform an enumeration based upon at least one default descriptor, generating a an initial look-up table for allocating data to respective smart card applications based upon the enumeration, and detecting a system event and, responsive to the system event, cooperating with the host device to perform a new enumeration based upon at least one alternate descriptor and generating a new look-up table based thereon having a different allocation of data to respective smart card applications than the initial look-up table.

12. The smart card of claim 11 wherein each application has at least one endpoint associated therewith, and wherein the look-up tables are for allocating data to respective application endpoints.

13. The smart card of claim 11 wherein the system event comprises a system utilization metric exceeding a threshold.

14. The smart card of claim 11 wherein the system event comprises the occurrence of attempted unauthorized communications.

15. The smart card of claim 11 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one device descriptor.

16. The smart card of claim 11 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one configuration descriptor.

17. The smart card of claim 11 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one interface descriptor.

18. The smart card of claim 11 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one endpoint descriptor.

19. The smart card of claim 11 wherein said integrated circuit further comprises at least one memory connected to said processor for storing the look-up tables.

20. The smart card of claim 11 wherein said transceiver comprises a universal serial bus (USB) transceiver, and wherein said processor operates in a USB mode.

21. A smart card system comprising: a host device; a smart card adapter connected to said host device; and a smart card to be read by said smart card adapter and comprising a smart card body and an integrated circuit carried by said smart card body, said integrated circuit comprising a transceiver, and a processor for communicating with a host device via said transceiver and performing a plurality of smart card applications, said processor for cooperating with the host device to perform an enumeration based upon at least one default descriptor, generating an initial look-up table for allocating data to respective smart card applications based upon the enumeration, and detecting a system event and, responsive to the system event, cooperating with the host device to perform a new enumeration based upon at least one alternate descriptor and generating a new look-up table based thereon having a different allocation of data to respective smart card a applications than the initial look-up table.

22. The smart card system of claim 21 wherein each application has at least one endpoint associated therewith, and wherein the look-up tables are for allocating data to respective application endpoints.

23. The smart card system of claim 21 wherein the system event comprises a system utilization metric exceeding a threshold.

24. The smart card system of claim 21 wherein the system event comprises the occurrence of attempted unauthorized communications.

25. The smart card system of claim 21 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one device descriptor.

26. The smart card system of claim 21 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one configuration descriptor.

27. The smart card system of claim 21 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one interface descriptor.

28. The smart card system of claim 21 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one endpoint descriptor.

29. The smart card system of claim 21 wherein said integrated circuit further comprises at least one memory connected to said processor for storing the look-up tables.

30. The smart card system of claim 21 wherein said transceiver comprises a universal serial bus (USB) transceiver, and wherein said processor operates in a USB mode.

31. A method for operating a smart card for performing a plurality of smart card applications, the method comprising: performing an enumeration of the smart card in cooperation with a host device based upon at least one default descriptor; generating an initial look-up table for allocating data to respective smart card applications based upon the enumeration; and detecting a system event and, responsive to the system event, performing a new enumeration in cooperation with the host device based upon at least one alternate descriptor and generating a new look-up table based thereon having a different allocation of data to respective smart card applications than the initial look-up table.

32. The method of claim 31 wherein each application has at least one endpoint associated therewith, and wherein the look-up tables are for allocating data to respective application endpoints.

33. The method of claim 31 wherein the system event comprises a system utilization metric exceeding a threshold.

34. The method of claim 31 wherein the system event comprises the occurrence of attempted unauthorized communications.

35. The method of claim 31 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one device descriptor.

36. The method of claim 31 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one configuration descriptor.

37. The method of claim 31 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one interface descriptor.

38. The method of claim 31 wherein the at least one alternate descriptor comprises at least one endpoint descriptor.

说明书

[0001]This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. P2005-56477, filed on Jun. 28, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.

[0002]BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a backlight unit, and more particularly, to a backlight unit with a hybrid structure to improve heat-sink efficiency. 2. Discussion of the Related Art The cathode ray tube (CRT) has been widely used as a display in televisions, measuring devices, and information terminals. However, the CRT cannot satisfy demands for miniaturization and light weight due to its inherent size and a weight. Thus, display devices such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) device using an electric field to cause an optical effect, a plasma display panel (PDP) using a gas discharge, and an electroluminescence display (ELD) device using an electric field luminous effect have been studied as a substitute for the CRT. Among the display devices, the LCD device has been most actively studied, so the LCD device having beneficial characteristics such as compact size, light weight, and low power consumption have been highly developed for ultra-thin flat display devices, for example, monitors for spacecraft, aircraft, notebook computers, laptop computers, desktop computers, and large-sized display devices. That is, the demand for the LCD devices has continuously increased. Generally, the LCD device includes an LCD panel for displaying a picture image and a driving device that applies a driving signal to the LCD panel. The LCD panel includes first and second glass substrates bonded to each other with a predetermined distance inbetween, and a liquid crystal layer formed between the first and second glass substrates. The first glass substrate (TFT array substrate) includes a plurality of gate and data lines, a plurality of pixel electrodes, and a plurality of thin film transistors. At this time, the plurality of gate lines are formed on the first glass substrate at fixed intervals, and the plurality of data lines are formed substantially perpendicular to the plurality of gate lines at fixed intervals. Then, the plurality of pixel electrodes, which are arranged in a matrix configuration, are respectively formed in pixel regions defined by the plurality of gate and data lines crossing each other. The plurality of thin film transistors are switched according to signals on the gate lines to transmit signals of the data lines to the respective pixel electrodes. The second glass substrate (color filter substrate) includes a black matrix layer that excludes light from regions except the pixel regions of the first substrate, a R(red)/G(green)/B(blue) color filter layer displaying various colors, and a common electrode to obtain the picture image. Next, a predetermined space is maintained between the first and second glass substrates by spacers, and the first and second substrates are bonded to each other by a seal pattern having a liquid crystal injection inlet. Also, the liquid crystal layer is formed between the first and second glass substrates by injection of liquid crystal. Meanwhile, the LCD device controls the transmittance of light to display the picture image. In this respect, the LCD device requires an additional light source such as a backlight unit. The backlight unit is classified into a direct-type method and an edge-type method according to a position of a lamp unit. The LCD device uses a light source such as an Electro Luminescence (EL), a Light Emitting Diode (LED), a Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL), or a Hot Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (HCFL). In the edge-type method, the lamp unit is formed at one side of a light-guiding plate. The lamp unit includes a lamp, a lamp holder, and a lamp reflecting plate. The lamp is inserted into both sides of the lamp holder, whereby the lamp holder protects the lamp from an external impact. Also, the lamp reflecting plate reflects the light emitted from the lamp to the light-guiding plate. Generally, the edge-type method of providing the lamp unit at one side of the light-guiding plate is applied to relatively small sized LCD devices such as the monitors for the laptop type computer or the desktop type computer. The edge-type method is useful to obtain uniform luminance, long lifetime and thin profile in the LCD device. With the trend to large-sized LCD devices of 20-inches or more, the direct-type method has been developed, in which a plurality of lamps are formed in one line on a lower surface of a light-diffusion plate, whereby the entire surface of the LCD panel is directly illuminated with the light. The direct-type method, which has greater light efficiency as compared with that of the edge-type method, is used for large-sized LCD devices requiring high luminance. Hereinafter, a related art backlight unit will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a backlight unit according to the related art. FIG. 2 illustrates a rear view of a backlight unit having a heat-sink plate according to the related art. FIG. 3 illustrates a cross sectional view, along I-I′ of FIG. 1 . FIGS. 1 , 2 , and 3 illustrate a related art direct type backlight unit. The related art backlight unit includes a cover bottom 10 , a plurality of fluorescent lamps 11 , a metal PCB. 12 , and a plurality of R/G/B LED lamps 13 . At this time, the plurality of fluorescent lamps 11 are oriented in one direction inside the cover bottom 10 . The metal PCB 12 adheres to an inner bottom of the cover bottom 10 . The plurality of R/G/B LED lamps 13 are formed in one direction, wherein each of the LED lamps 13 is provided between the fluorescent lamps 11 or on the metal PCB 12 . The metal PCB 12 , on which the LED lamps 13 are mounted, is formed of aluminum which has great thermal conductivity. In the above-mentioned backlight unit according to the related art, the fluorescent lamps 11 and the LED lamps 13 are formed together, which is referred to as a hybrid structure. If using the LED lamps 13 , it is necessary to provide a heat-sink plate because the LED lamps 13 emit a large amount of heat. Thus, if the heat-sink plate is not provided in the backlight unit using the LED lamps 13 , the lifetime of backlight unit becomes shorter and the heat-sink efficiency of backlight unit is lowered. In more detail, heat-sink plates 14 are formed at the rear side of the cover bottom 10 , for emission of the heat generated from the fluorescent lamps 11 and the LED lamps 13 . The heat-sink plates 14 adhere to a rear surface of the cover bottom 10 corresponding with the metal PCB 12 . In this case, the heat generated from the fluorescent lamps 11 and the LED lamps 13 is transmitted to the outside through the metal PCB 12 , the cover bottom 10 , and the heat-sink plates 14 . If the heat-sink plates 14 directly adhere to the rear surface of the cover bottom 10 , the cover bottom 10 serves as a heat resistance, whereby it is difficult to effectively transmit the heat to the outside.

[0003]SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a backlight unit that substantially obviates one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. An advantage of the present invention is to provide a backlight unit with a hybrid structure to improve heat-sink efficiency. Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings. To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, a backlight unit includes a plurality of fluorescent lamps oriented in one direction inside a cover bottom; a metal PCB attached to an inner surface of the cover bottom; a plurality of LED lamps each positioned between the fluorescent lamps and on the metal PCB; a hole in a portion of the cover bottom that exposes a rear surface of the metal PCB; and a heat-sink plate directly attached to the metal PCB through the hole in the cover bottom. In another aspect of the present invention, a method cooling a backlight unit includes: placing a plurality of fluorescent lamps inside a cover bottom; attaching a metal PCB to an inner surface of the cover bottom; placing a plurality of LED lamps each positioned between the fluorescent lamps and on the metal PCB; forming a hole in a portion of the cover bottom exposing a rear surface of the metal PCB; and attaching a heat-sink plate directly to the metal PCB through the hole in the cover bottom. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.

[0004]BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention. In the drawings: FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of some portions of a backlight unit according to the related art; FIG. 2 illustrates a rear view of a backlight unit having a heat-sink plate according to the related art; FIG. 3 illustrates a cross sectional view along I-I′ of FIG. 1 ; FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of some portions of a backlight unit according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 illustrates a rear view of a backlight unit having a heat-sink plate according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 6 illustrates a cross sectional view along II-II′ of FIG. 4 .

[0005]DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. Hereinafter, a backlight unit according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of some portions of a backlight unit according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 illustrates a rear view of a backlight unit having a heat-sink plate according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 illustrates a cross sectional view along II-II′ of FIG. 4 . FIGS. 4 , 5 , and 6 , illustrate a direct type backlight unit according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The backlight unit according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a cover bottom 40 , a plurality of fluorescent lamps 41 , at least one of metal PCB 42 , and a plurality of R/G/B LED lamps 43 . The plurality of fluorescent lamps 41 are oriented in one direction inside the cover bottom 40 . The metal PCB 42 adheres to an inner bottom of the cover bottom 40 . The plurality of R/G/B LED lamps 43 are formed in one direction, wherein each of the LED lamps 43 is situated between the fluorescent lamps 41 and on the metal PCB 42 . The metal PCB 42 , on which the LED lamps 43 are mounted, is formed of aluminum which has great thermal conductivity. Although not shown, both ends of the respective fluorescent lamps 41 are fixed to the cover bottom 40 by holders. The fluorescent lamps 41 may be formed of cold cathode fluorescent lamps CCFLs or external electric fluorescent lamps EEFLs. When the above-mentioned backlight unit is applied to an LCD device, a light-scattering means may be additionally formed above the fluorescent lamps 41 and the LED lamps 43 . The light-scattering means prevents the silhouette of the fluorescent lamps 41 and the LED lamps 43 from being shown on a display surface of an LCD panel (not shown), and provides a light source with uniform luminance. The light-scattering means may be provided with a plurality of diffusion sheets and one diffusion plate, for improvement of the light-scattering efficiency. Also, a reflecting plate is provided on an inner surface of the cover bottom 40 and the metal PCB 42 except where the LED lamps 43 are. The reflecting plate reflects the light emitted from the fluorescent lamps 41 and the LED lamps 43 upward, thereby maximizing the light efficiency. The backlight unit using the fluorescent lamps 41 and the LED lamps 43 together is referred to as a hybrid backlight unit. When using the LED lamps 43 , it is necessary to provide a heat-sink plate 45 to transmit the heat generated from the LED lamps 43 to the outside. If the heat-sink plate is not provided in the backlight unit using the LED lamps 43 , the lifetime of backlight unit becomes shorter and the heat-sink efficiency of backlight unit is lowered. To mount the heat-sink plate, one or more holes 44 are formed in a predetermined portion of the cover bottom 40 , wherein the holes expose a rear surface of the metal PCB 42 having the LED lamps 43 mounted thereon. The hole 44 may have the same size as the heat-sink plate 45 or may be larger in size than the heat-sink plate 45 . In the backlight unit according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat-sink plate 45 directly adheres to the metal PCB 42 so as to transmit the heat generated from the fluorescent lamps 41 and the LED lamps 43 to the outside through the holes 44 . If the heat-sink plate 45 directly adheres to the metal PCB 42 , the heat generated from the fluorescent lamps 41 and the LED lamps 43 is transmitted to the outside through the metal PCB 42 and the heat-sink plate 45 without passing through the cover bottom 40 . Thus, it is possible to shorten the heat transmission path. Also, the metal PCB 42 is exposed to the outside, whereby it is possible to lower the temperature of the metal PCB 42 , thereby improving the effect of heat transmission. Also, the heat-sink plate 45 includes a plurality of partition walls, for maximization of heat-transmission surfaces. As mentioned above, the backlight unit according to the present invention has the following advantages. In the backlight unit according to the present invention, the heat-sink plate directly adheres to the rear surface of the metal PCB, so that it is possible to shorten the heat transmission path. Also, the metal is directly exposed to the outside, whereby the temperature of the metal PCB is lowered. Thus, it is possible to improve the heat-sink efficiency and light-emission efficiency in the backlight unit according to the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the inventions. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

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