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    专

    Page detecting method, involves connecting testing device to browser of mobile terminal, transmitting remote debugging protocol command to testing device by browser, and receiving response result by browser from testing device.

    126183106A
    发明人
    JIANG R
    受让人
    GUANGZHOU DONGJING COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY (GZDC-C), ALIBABA CHINA CO LTD (ABAB-C)
    申请人
    PROBST EDGAR
    申请号
    00785
    申请日
    1989-01-31
    公开(公告)号
    126183106A
    公开(公告)日
    1991-08-28
    IPC分类号
    A23L001/05A23L001/052A23L001/0528
    CPC分类号
    -
    优先权号
    4034222
    优先权日
    1990-10-26
    摘要

    NOVELTY - A flexible tubular article for transport of volatile hydrocarbons permitting only negligible escape of such vapors, comprises an inner layer of an elastomeric form of an FKM (sic) fluoropolymer; an intermediate layer of a thermoplastic form of an 800 grade THV (sic) fluoropolymer extruded in tubular form over the inner FKM layer; and a durable outer layer of an elastomeric polymer.

    USE - For transport of volatile hydrocarbons, useful as an automotive fuel filler tube for gasoline.

    ADVANTAGE - The inventive flexible tubular article permits only negligible escape of volatile hydrocarbons. It has a high degree of permeability.

    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A flexible tubular article (10) for transport of volatile hydrocarbons permitting only negligible escape of such vapors, comprises a relatively thin, inner layer (12) of an elastomeric form of an FKM fluoropolymer; a relatively thin intermediate layer (16) of a thermoplastic form of an 800 grade THV fluoropolymer extruded in tubular form over the inner FKM layer, the FKM inner layer and the intermediate THV layer together have a transverse thickness enough to present a barrier to volatile hydrocarbon escape; and a durable outer layer of an elastomeric polymer (22) bonded to the outside surface of the intermediate layer and being coextensive with it. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a process for making a tubular article as above, comprising extruding relatively thin intermediate layers of a thermoplastic form of a THV fluoropolymer, each with increasing amounts of fluorine content, over an inner elastomeric FKM layer in a tubular shape; and crosshead extruding onto the tubular shape durable outer layer of a second elastomeric polymer to form a composite tubular article.

    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective end view of laminated tube.

    Flexible tubular article (10)

    Inner layer (12)

    Binder layer (14)

    Intermediate layer (16)

    Layer of an elastomeric polymer (22)

    权利要求
    1 . A recombinant beta-herpesvirus, wherein the beta-herpesvirus is spread-deficient.
    2 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus is endotheliotropic and/or has a wild type-like virion surface.
    3 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus is endotheliotropic and has a wild type-like virion surface.
    4 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus is suitable to or capable of inducing an immune response, wherein the immune response comprises neutralizing antibodies against beta-herpesvirus and CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells directed against epitopes of beta-herpesvirus.
    5 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 4 , wherein the immune response comprises induction of neutralizing antibodies against a wild type beta-herpesvirus, wherein said antibodies are capable of inhibiting said wild type beta-herpesvirus from infecting endothelial cells and/or epithelial cells.
    6 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 5 , wherein beta-herpesvirus which is prevented from infecting endothelial cells and/or epithelial cells by the neutralizing antibodies, is preferably a human pathogen.
    7 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus is a human beta-herpesvirus.
    8 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus is a cytomegalovirus.
    9 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 7 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus is a human cytomegalovirus.
    10 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus is deficient in at least one gene product involved in primary and/or secondary envelopment.
    11 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 10 , wherein the at least one gene product is involved in primary envelopment
    12 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 11 , wherein the at least one gene product is encoded by a gene selected from the group comprising UL50 and UL 53 and homologs of each thereof.
    13 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 10 , wherein the at least one gene product is involved in secondary envelopment.
    14 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 13 , wherein the at least one gene product is encoded by a gene selected from the group comprising UL94 and UL99 and homologs each thereof.
    15 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus comprises nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 122630 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 123668 to 181652 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and a third nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 189192 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein nucleotide 122630 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 123668 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein nucleotide 181652 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 189192 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20.
    16 . The beta herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus comprises a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 122630 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 123668 to 181652 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a third nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 189192 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and a fourth nucleotide sequence comprising a nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 34.
    17 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus comprises a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 122630 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 123668 to 110670 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a third nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 131243 to 181652 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and a fourth nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 189192 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein nucleotide 122630 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 123668 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, wherein the nucleotide 130670 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to the nucleotide 131243 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein the nucleotide 181652 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to the nucleotide 189192 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20.
    18 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus comprises a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 58442 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 59623 to 181652 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and a third nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 189192 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein nucleotide 58442 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 59623 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein nucleotide 181.652 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to the nucleotide 189192 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20.
    19 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein nucleotide 58442 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 1 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 32, wherein nucleotide 179 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 32 is covalently linked to nucleotide 59623 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein nucleotide 181652 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 189192 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20.
    20 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus comprises a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 62129 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 63261 to 181652 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and a third nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 189192 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein nucleotide 62129 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 63261 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein the nucleotide 181652 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to the nucleotide 189192 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20.
    21 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus comprises a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 62129 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 63261 to 181652 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a third nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 189192 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and a fourth nucleotide sequence comprising a nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 33.
    22 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus comprises nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 58442 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 59623 to 62129 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a third nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 63261 to 181652 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a fourth nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 189192 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a fifth nucleotide sequence comprising a nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 32 and a sixth nucleotide sequence comprising a nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 33.
    23 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus comprises human cytomegalovirus.
    24 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta herpesvirus comprises the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 23.
    25 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus is deficient in at least one gene product encoded by an immune evasive gene.
    26 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 25 , wherein the at least one gene product encoded by an immune evasive gene is selected from the group comprising gene products regulating MHC class I presentation and gene products regulating NK cell response.
    27 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 26 , wherein the at least one gene product encoded by an immune evasive gene is a gene product regulating MHC class I presentation.
    28 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 27 , wherein the gene product regulating MHC class I presentation comprises human cytomegalovirus.
    29 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 26 , wherein the at least one gene product encoded by an immune evasive gene is a gene product regulating NK cell response.
    30 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 29 , wherein the gene product regulating NK cell response is selected from the group comprising gene products encoded by the genes UL40, UL16 and UL18.
    31 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus encodes a heterologous nucleic acid.
    32 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 34 , wherein the heterologous nucleic acid is a functional nucleic acid, preferably selected from the group comprising antisense molecules, ribozymes and RNA interference mediating nucleic acids.
    33 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 31 , wherein the nucleic acid is a nucleic acid coding for a peptide, oligopeptide, polypeptide or protein.
    34 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 33 , wherein the peptide, oligopeptide, polypeptide or protein comprises at least one antigen.
    35 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 34 , wherein the antigen is an antigen selected from the group comprising viral antigens, bacterial antigens and parasite antigens.
    36 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , for use in a method for the treatment of a human subject and/or for use in a method for the vaccination of a human subject.
    37 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 36 , wherein the subject is a mammal.
    38 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 36 , wherein the beta-herpesvirus is human cytomegalovirus.
    39 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 36 , wherein the subject is suffering from a disease or is at risk of suffering from a disease.
    40 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 36 , wherein the vaccination is a vaccination against a disease.
    41 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 39 , wherein the disease is a disease or condition which is associated with human cytomegalovirus infection.
    42 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 41 , wherein the disease or condition comprises congenital inclusion disease.
    43 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 36 , wherein the subject is defined as a female with the ability to reproduce.
    44 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 43 , wherein the treatment is or is suitable for or capable of preventing the transfer of a beta-herpesvirus, preferably human cytomegalovirus, from the female to a fetus and/or to an embryo carried or to be carried in the future by the female.
    45 . The beta-herpesvirus according to claim 43 , wherein the treatment is for or is suitable for the generation of or capable of generating an immune response in the female body or the immune response in the female body, whereby preferably such immune response confers protection to a fetus and/or to an embryo carried or to be carried in the future by the female against beta-herpesvirus, preferably human cytomegalovirus, and/or a disease or condition associated with beta-herpesvirus infection, preferably human cytomegalovirus infection.
    46 . Use of a beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , for the manufacture of a medicament.
    47 . Use according to claim 46 , wherein the medicament is for the treatment and/or prevention of beta-herpesvirus infection.
    48 . Use according to claim 46 , wherein the medicament is for the treatment and/or prevention of a disease or condition associated with beta-herpesvirus infection, preferably human cytomegalovirus infection.
    49 . Use of a beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 , for the manufacture of a vaccine.
    50 . Use according to claim 49 , wherein the vaccine is for the treatment and/or prevention of beta-herpesvirus infection.
    51 . Use according to claim 50 , wherein the vaccine is fin the treatment and/or prevention of a disease or condition associated with beta-herpesvirus infection, preferably human cytomegalovirus infection.
    52 . Use according to claim 49 , wherein the vaccine is or is suitable for the administration to a subject, whereby the subject is selected form the group comprising a pregnant female, a female of reproductive age, a donor of a transplant, a recipient of a transplant and a subject being infected with HIV or being at risk of being infected with HIV.
    53 . Use according to claim 52 , wherein the donor is a potential donor and/or the recipient is a potential recipient.
    54 . A nucleic acid coding for a beta-herpesvirus according to claim 1 .
    55 . A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 54 .
    56 . A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 55 , wherein the vector comprises a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 122630 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 123668 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein nucleotide 122630 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to ‘nucleotide 123688 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20.
    57 . A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 55 , wherein the vector comprises a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 122630 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 123668 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and a third nucleotide sequence comprising a nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 34.
    58 . The vector according to claim 57 , wherein nucleotide 122630 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 1 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 34 and wherein nucleotide 252 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 34 is covalently linked to nucleotide 123668 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20.
    59 . A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 55 , wherein the vector comprises a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 122630 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 123668 to 130670 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ. ID NO: 20, a third nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 131243 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein nucleotide 122630 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 123668 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein the nucleotide 130670 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to the nucleotide 131243 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20.
    60 . A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 55 , wherein the vector comprises a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 122630 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 123668 to 130670 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a third nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 131243 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a third nucleotide sequence comprising a nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 34 and a fourth nucleotide sequence comprising a nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 35
    61 . The vector according to claim 60 , wherein nucleotide 122630 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 1 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 34, wherein nucleotide 252 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 34 is covalently linked to nucleotide 123668 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, wherein nucleotide 130670 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 1 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 35 and wherein nucleotide 67 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 35 is covalently linked to nucleotide 131243 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20
    62 . A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 55 , wherein the vector comprises a nucleotide sequence, wherein the :nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 58442 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 59623 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein nucleotide 58442 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 59623 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20.
    63 . A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 55 , wherein the vector comprises a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 58442 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 59623 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and a third nucleotide sequence comprising a nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 32.
    64 . The vector according to claim 63 , wherein nucleotide 58442 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 1 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 32 and wherein nucleotide 179 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 32 is covalently linked to nucleotide 59623 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20.
    65 . A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 55 , wherein the vector comprises a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 62129 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 63261 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein nucleotide 62129 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 63261 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20.
    66 . A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 55 , wherein the vector comprises a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 62129 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 63261 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and a third nucleotide sequence comprising a nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 33
    67 . The vector according to claim 66 , wherein nucleotide 62129 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 1 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 33 and wherein nucleotide 38 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 33 is covalently linked to nucleotide 63261 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20.
    68 . A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 55 , wherein the vector comprises a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 58442 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 59623 to 62129 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a third nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 63261 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein nucleotide 58442 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 59623 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 and wherein the nucleotide 62129 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to the nucleotide 63261 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20.
    69 . A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 55 , wherein the vector comprises a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a first nucleic acid sequence represented by nucleotides 1 to 58442 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a second nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 59623 to 62129 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a third nucleotide sequence represented by nucleotides 63261 to 233681 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, a fourth nucleotide sequence comprising a nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 32 and a fifth nucleotide sequence comprising a nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 33.
    70 . The vector according to claim 69 , wherein nucleotide 58442 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 1 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 32, wherein nucleotide 179 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 32 is covalently linked to nucleotide 59623 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20, wherein nucleotide 62129 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20 is covalently linked to nucleotide 1 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 33 and wherein nucleotide 38 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 33 is covalently linked to nucleotide 632161 of the nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 20.
    说明书
    [0001]技术领域
    [0002]本发明涉及目标测向技术领域，更具体的说是涉及一种双圆周复合扫描被动雷达测向方法。
    [0003]背景技术
    [0004]目标测向是雷达探测的一个重要内容。其中，被动雷达测向是雷达探测中一种重要的方法。
    [0005]目前，被动雷达测向一般采用圆形扫描形式，由于其信号处理结果呈现零阶贝塞尔函数收敛形式，所以其理论峰值旁瓣比为-7.9dB。由于其副瓣较高，在测向过程会导致相邻目标之间存在严重干扰，甚至出现弱目标主瓣被相邻强目标副瓣淹没的情况。为了降低旁瓣，已有科研人员提出双接收机复合扫描测向方法。但是相比于单接收机测向系统，双接收机复合扫描测向的系统成本和复杂度都有提升。
    [0006]因此，如何提供一种低旁瓣、低成本的被动雷达测向方法是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
    [0007]发明内容
    [0008]有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种双圆周复合扫描被动雷达测向方法，能够有效降低旁瓣，相对于双接收机测向系统成本大大降低。
    [0009]为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
    [0010]一种双圆周复合扫描被动雷达测向方法，包括：
    [0011]步骤S1：建立双圆周复合扫描被动雷达测向模型：
    [0012]设杆1的长度为r 1 ，两端为a端和b端，且b端绕着a端做匀速第一圆周运动，角速度为ω 1 ；杆2的长度为r 2 ，两端分别为c端和d端，d端绕着c端做匀速第二圆周运动，角速度为ω 2 ，且第一圆周运动和第二圆周运动在同一平面；接收机位于d端，并将杆1的b端与杆2的c端相连，则接收机呈现出两个圆周运动的复合运动，且所述复合运动以a端为中心；以杆1的a端为坐标原点在接收机的运动平面上建立二维直角坐标系；t时刻，杆1的方位角为α(t)＝ω 1 t+α 0 ，其中α 0 为杆1的初始方位角，杆2的方位角为β(t)＝ω 2 t+β 0 ，其中β 0 为杆2的初始方位角，而接收机的坐标为(r 1 cos(ω 1 t+α 0 )+r 2 cos(ω 2 t+β 0 ),r 1 sin(ω 1 t+α 0 )+r 2 sin(ω 2 t+β 0 ))；
    [0013]定义两个圆周运动的半径之比L＝r 2 /r 1 ，定义两个圆周运动的角速度之比为M＝ω 2 /ω 1 ＝P/H，其中P和H之间不可约，且P和H均为正整数，在系统的一个接收周期内，杆1绕着a端转了H周，而杆2绕着c端转了P周；
    [0014]步骤S2：计算外辐射源到散射点的距离以及t时刻散射点到接收机的距离；
    [0015]设外辐射源的坐标为(x t ,y t )，目标区域散射点的极坐标为(r 0 ,θ)，则外辐射源到散射点的距离为：
    [0016]其中，r 0 为散射点到坐标原点的距离，θ为散射点的方位角；
    [0017]由于r 0 ＞＞r 1 和r 0 ＞＞r 2 ，则T时刻散射点到接收机的距离为：
    [0018]R r (t)≈r 0 -r 1 cos(ω 1 t+α 0 -θ)-r 2 cos(ω 2 t+β 0 -θ)；
    [0019]步骤S3：确定回波信号；
    [0020]接收机接收到的回波信号为：
    [0021]其中，σ为散射点的散射强度系数，C为光速；
    [0022]设在一个接收周期中采样次数为K，则接收机在一个接收周期中接收到的离散化的回波信号为：
    [0023]步骤S4：构造搜索矩阵；
    [0024]根据回波信号形式，搜索矩阵为：
    [0025]上式中Δθ为方位角搜索步长，N为搜索次数；
    [0026]步骤S5：对回波信号与搜索矩阵进行如下运算：
    [0027]当n＝Δθ/θ时，S(n)出现峰值K|σ|，根据峰值位置判断散射点的方向。具体的，当n＝Δθ/θ时，S(n)出现峰值K|σ|。根据搜索步长Δθ和S(n)的峰值位置n，可知其峰值位置的方位角度为θ，也即峰值位置所指示的方位角即散射点的方位角。因此，可以根据峰值位置判断散射点的方向。
    [0028]优选的，在步骤S1中，P和H中较大值大于10。
    [0029]优选的，r 1 ＞r 2 ，ω 2 ＞ω 1 。
    [0030]经由上述的技术方案可知，与现有技术相比，本发明公开提供了一种双圆周复合扫描被动雷达测向方法，采用双圆周复合扫描测向系统，接收机的运动轨迹比现有技术中接收机旋转测向技术中的圆形运动轨迹变得复杂，因而接收机有效数据接收区域变大，接收的有效回波数据更为丰富，可以有效降低测向结果的旁瓣高度。而且，在系统中只需要一个接收机，系统复杂度和成本都比较低。
    [0031]附图说明
    [0032]为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
    [0033]图1为本发明提供的双圆周复合扫描被动雷达测向系统的示意图；
    [0034]图2为本发明提供的在实验1条件下一个转动周期内接收机的运动轨迹；
    [0035]图3为本发明提供的在H＝3时，P取不同值时接收机的运动轨迹；
    [0036]图4为本发明提供的在H＝5时，P取不同值时接收机的运动轨迹；
    [0037]图5为本发明提供的在H＝7时，P取不同值时接收机的运动轨迹；
    [0038]图6为本发明提供的不同测向方法下15个随机目标的测向结果对比图。
    [0039]具体实施方式
    [0040]下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
    [0041]参见附图1，针对被动雷达测向存在较高旁瓣的问题，本发明实施例公开了一种双圆周复合扫描被动雷达测向方法，包括：
    [0042]步骤S1：建立双圆周复合扫描被动雷达测向模型，具体请参见附图1，其中，设杆1的长度为r 1 ，两端为a端和b端，且b端绕着a端做匀速第一圆周运动，角速度为ω 1 ；杆2的长度为r 2 ，两端分别为c端和d端，d端绕着c端做匀速第二圆周运动，角速度为ω 2 ，且第一圆周运动和第二圆周运动在同一平面；接收机位于d端，并将杆1的b端与杆2的c端活动相连，则接收机呈现出两个圆周运动的复合运动，且所述复合运动以a端为中心；以杆1的a端为坐标原点在接收机的运动平面上建立二维直角坐标系；t时刻，杆1的方位角为α(t)＝ω 1 t+α 0 ，其中α 0 为杆1的初始方位角，杆2的方位角为β(t)＝ω 2 t+β 0 ，其中β 0 为杆2的初始方位角，而接收机的坐标为(r 1 cos(ω 1 t+α 0 )+r 2 cos(ω 2 t+β 0 ),r 1 sin(ω 1 t+α 0 )+r 2 sin(ω 2 t+β 0 ))；
    [0043]定义两个圆周运动的半径之比L＝r 2 /r 1 ，定义两个圆周运动的角速度之比为M＝ω 2 /ω 1 ＝P/H，其中P和H之间不可约，且P和H均为正整数，在系统的一个接收周期内，杆1绕着a端转了H周，而杆2绕着c端转了P周；
    [0044]当P＝H＝1时，即M＝1，则接收机的运动模型褪化为角速度为ω 1 运动半径为 的匀速圆周运动。
    [0045]步骤S2：计算外辐射源到散射点的距离以及t时刻散射点到接收机的距离；
    [0046]设外辐射源的坐标为(x t ,y t )，目标区域散射点的极坐标为(r 0 ,θ)，则外辐射源到散射点的距离为：
    [0047]其中，r 0 为散射点到坐标原点的距离，θ为散射点的方位角；从上式可以看出，在接收机转动的过程中R t 保持不变。
    [0048]由于r 0 ＞＞r 1 和r 0 ＞＞r 2 ，则T时刻散射点到接收机的距离为：
    [0049]R r (t)≈r 0 -r 1 cos(ω 1 t+α 0 -θ)-r 2 cos(ω 2 t+β 0 -θ)；
    [0050]步骤S3：确定回波信号；
    [0051]接收机接收到的回波信号为：
    [0052]其中，σ为散射点的散射强度系数，C为光速；
    [0053]设在一个接收周期中采样次数为K，则接收机在一个接收周期中接收到的离散化的回波信号为：
    [0054]步骤S4：构造搜索矩阵；
    [0055]根据回波信号形式，搜索矩阵为：
    [0056]上式中Δθ为方位角搜索步长，N为搜索次数；
    [0057]步骤S5：对回波信号与搜索矩阵进行如下运算：
    [0058]从上式可以看出，当n＝Δθ/θ时，S(n)出现峰值K/σ|，因此，可以根据峰值位置判断散射点的方向。
    [0059]相比于现有的接收机旋转的被动雷达测向技术，由于本发明所公开的技术方案采用了双圆周复合扫描测向系统，使得S(n)的表达式中出现 项，该项并不是以贝塞尔函数形式收敛的，但是能够降低其旁瓣高度。
    [0060]从物理层面上来看，该项是由杆2的运动造成的，使得接收机的有效接收机位置从一个圆周变为一个内径为r 1 -r 2 外径为r 1 +r 2 的圆环内的网格，有效接收信号变得丰富，进而提升了测向效果。从数学层面上来看，如果没有该项，则测向结果按照零阶贝塞尔函数形式收敛，该项的出现，使得收敛方式发生变化，通过参数选取，可以达到降低副瓣的效果。
    [0061]从上述内容可知，实际上接收机所做的运动是由半径为r 1 角速度为ω 1 的第一圆周运动和半径为r 2 角速度为ω 2 的第二圆周运动复合而成。另外，从推导过程中可知，这两个圆周运动对最后的测向结果贡献作用相当，不存在主从关系。考虑到系统实际情况，一般取r 1 ＞r 2 ，ω 2 ＞ω 1 。在大量计算及实验基础上研究发现，当r 1 不变时，本发明的测向效果受两个圆周运动的角速度之比M和两个圆周运动的半径之比L两个因素制约。M会影响接收机的运动轨迹。大量实验表明，一般当P、H不可约且其中最大值大于10时，接收机运动轨迹可以看做是均匀致密的网格，其测向性能达到最佳。当接收机运动轨迹可以看做是均匀致密的网格时，L取不同值时测向结果如表1所示：
    [0062]表1不同L值的测向性能
    [0063]其中，最大旁瓣的单位是dB，分辨率的单位是λ/r 1 πrad。
    [0064]在L取值在[0.55,0.67]之间时，离主瓣最近的第一旁瓣已经不再是最大旁瓣，表1中的最大旁瓣均是指最高旁瓣。从测向效果来看，第一旁瓣低会降低相邻目标点的干扰，更有利于测向。
    [0065]下面结合仿真数据对本发明所提供的技术方案做进一步验证和说明。不失一般性，在仿真中散射点散射强度均取1。
    [0066]实验1：当r 1 ＝10m，r 2 ＝5m，H＝3，P＝20时，一个转动周期内接收机的运动轨迹如图2所示。
    [0067]从图2可以看出，因为本发明采用双圆周复合扫描接收系统，接收机运动轨迹比已有的接收机旋转测向技术的圆形运动轨迹变得复杂，因而本发明的接收机有效数据接收区域变大，接收的有效回波数据更为丰富，正因如此，本发明可以降低测向结果的旁瓣高度。
    [0068]实验2：外辐射源坐标为(8000m,10000m)，频率为300MHz，r 1 ＝10m，H＝3，P＝20，一散射点位于(8000m，0.5πrad)，令r 2 逐渐变大，所得测向结果如表2所示。
    [0069]表2杆2不同长度时的测向结果
    [0070]从表2可以看出，实验2的测向结果与表1相符。由于采用了双圆周复合扫描接收系统，本发明所提供的方法有效抑制了测向结果的旁瓣。当r 1 不变时，随着r 2 的增加，本发明测向结果的分辨率降低，而其旁瓣高度经历了先降低后升高的过程。在应用本发明时，应该综合考虑r 2 长度对旁瓣、分辨率以及系统造价的影响。
    [0071]实验3：外辐射源坐标为(8000m,10000m)，频率为300MHz，r 1 ＝10m，r 2 ＝5m，一散射点位于(8000m，0.5πrad)，当H和P取不同值时的测向结果如表3所示，接收机运动轨迹分别如图3-图5所示。
    [0072]表3H、P不同时的测向结果
    [0073]实验3中，r 1 ＝10m，r 2 ＝5m，相当于L＝0.5，查表1可知，其最大旁瓣应该为-16.7dB，其分辨率应该为0.1038λ/r1πrad＝0.0104πrad。从表3可以看出，其分辨率基本上均为0.0103πrad(特殊情况H＝P＝5除外)，但是不同的M会造成其最大旁瓣的不同。对比图3、图4、图5以及表3可以看出，当接收机运动轨迹较为致密均衡时，会得到分辨率为0.0103πrad最大旁瓣为-16.65dB的相同测向结果，而与P以及H具体取值无关。当接收机运动轨迹稀疏且不均衡时，可能会导致旁瓣升高，例如H＝3、P＝5时，其运动轨迹非常不规则，导致其最大旁瓣达到了-8.41dB。另外，在实验3中出现3次H、P可约的情况：1)H＝5、P＝5；2)H＝5、P＝10；3)H＝7、P＝28。情况1)的两个圆周运动的初始角度相同，即α 0 ＝β 0 ，测向结果等价于半径为r 1 +r 2 的圆形扫描，所以其最大旁瓣为-7.9dB，而分辨率为0.0076πrad。情况2)和情况3)分别等价于H＝1、P＝2和H＝1、P＝4，在接收周期内，第二圆周运动的有效转动分别为2周和4周，导致其测向精度恶化，所以在应用本发明提供的测向方法时要特别注意H与P不可约。
    [0074]实验4：外辐射源坐标为(8000m,10000m)，频率为300MHz，一散射点位于(8000m，0.5πrad)，H＝4，P＝15，r 1 和r 2 分别取不同值时的测向结果如表4所示。
    [0075]表4 r 1 和r 2 分别取不同值时的测向结果
    [0076]从表4可以看出，r 2 /r 1 相同时，在误差允许范围内，测向结果的最高旁瓣相同，而其分辨率与r 1 成反比。
    [0077]实验五：外辐射源坐标为(8000m,10000m)，一散射点位于(8000m，0.5πrad)，H＝4，P＝15，r 1 和r 2 分别取不同值且在不同外辐射源频率时的测向结果如表5所示。
    [0078]表5不同频率时的测向结果
    [0079]实验五中的三组实验的L值分别为0.5、0.6、0.32，查表1可知，其最高旁瓣分别为-16.7dB、-18.8dB、-11.3dB，其分辨率分别为0.1038λ/r 1 πrad、0.0998λ/r 1 πrad、0.1099λ/r 1 πrad，与表5中测向结果相符。从表5中可以看出，当L、M保持不变且接收机运动轨迹较为致密均匀时，测向分辨率与辐射源信号频率成反比。
    [0080]实验六：外辐射源坐标为(8000m,10000m)，频率为200MHz，15个点目标随机分布，距坐标原点6000m～9000m，r 1 ＝20m，r 2 ＝12.4m，L＝0.62，P＝16，H＝3。分别采用本发明所提方法、半径为r1圆形扫描、半径为r 1 +r 2 圆形扫描三种方式测向，其测向结果如图6所示，图中“o”表示目标的方位角位置。三种扫描方式的测向结果最大旁瓣分别为0.23、0.59、0.53，最小主瓣分别为0.78、0.48、0.64，所有点目标最大副瓣平均幅值分别为0.13、0.22、0.18，从这些数据可以看出本发明测向结果的旁瓣比圆形扫描低。从图6可以看出，半径为r 1 圆形扫描测向结果中出现了某些目标点的旁瓣高过另外目标主瓣的而导致目标丢失的情况，另外两种方式都成功实现对这15个点目标测向，但是很明显本发明所提供的方法测向结果的旁瓣整体要比另两种测向方法低，这就使得本发明最终结果不容易出现旁瓣淹没主瓣的情况，具有很强的可读性。
    [0081]本发明实施例不仅提供了一种新的双圆周复合扫描测向方法，还研究了影响测向结果的两个重要因素，给出了不同L值时的测向性能表。当接收机运动轨迹较为致密均匀时(比如P＝16，H＝3)，L取值在[0.61,0.73]时，则测向角度分辨率与外辐射源频率和r 1 的乘积成反比，而最大旁瓣为-19dB～-20dB，可以较好的兼顾测向精度和最大旁瓣，取得较好的测向效果。
    [0082]本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
    [0083]对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
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