Александр Абрамович Белавин (к 80-летию со дня рождения), Арсеев П.И., Васильев М.А., Высоцкий М.И., Горский А.С., Дринфельд В.Г., Замолодчиков А.Б., Захаров В.Е., Литвинов А.В., Поляков А.М., Рубаков В.А., Фейгин Б.Л., Шифман М.А.

Mikhail Borisovich Voloshin passed away unexpectedly in the 67th year of life. Voloshin was born on May 14, 1953 in Romania, where his father worked at that time. He went to the first specialized physical class of the famous 57th Moscow school, which he graduated from in 1970, and then entered, without exams, the Faculty of General and Applied Physics of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) as a winner of the International Physics Olympiad. Already in his student days, Voloshin's leadership among physicists of his generation became clearly pronounced. He studied at the department of elementary particle physics, whose head was Karen Avetovich Ter-Martirosyan. The institute associated with the department was the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP). When a thirdyear student, Voloshin passed the theoreticalminimum exams on quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics under Ter-Martirosyan and onGeneral Relativity (GR) under Igor' Yur'evich Kobzarev. Voloshin's academic advisor was Lev Borisovich Okun', who considered Voloshin his favorite student. The first paper by Voloshin, co-authored with Kobzarev and Okun', was devoted to the decay of a false vacuum. The results obtained there have been included in textbooks and are topical even now: the Higgs boson mass is such that our vacuum is at the stability boundary. The paper was published in the journal Yadernaya fizika (Nuclear Physics) (Vol. 20, p. 1229) in 1974. In about ten years, in a series of studies written by Voloshin together with K G Selivanov, he examined the processes of induced false vacuum decay with heavy-particle masses or colliding particle energies as inducing factors. It was revealed that the induced processes cannot be described by the perturbation theory on the background of a Euclidean solution, and the possibility of the disappearance of exponential suppression on the sphaleron energy scale was analyzed. This pioneering work opened new fields of research. In the autumn of 1974, the ``November revolution'' broke out: the groups of Ting in Brookhaven and Richter in Stanford discovered the J=C meson almost simultaneously. Voloshin and collaborators immediately joined the development of quarkonium theory; later, Voloshin without a doubt became the most prominent expert on heavy quark physics in the world. He made a fundamental contribution to the sum rule, the physics of hadrons containing heavy quarks, the basic elements of QCD, and the quark model. Based on the QCD sum rules, he predicted the Zc-meson mass that differed greatly from the experimental values available at the time. The uncertainty of that prediction was estimated, showing that the experimental value could not be valid. This prediction was confirmed by subsequent experiments. Together with M A Shifman, Voloshin found an elegant way to evaluate the matrix element of the Kobayashi±Maskawa matrix Vcb from exclusive semilepton B-meson decays. This method was used to seek manifestations of the new physics. Having graduated from MIPT in 1976, Voloshin began working at ITEP, and a year later defended his candidate thesis. Several years later, he defended his doctoral thesis devoted to the U-meson theory. Voloshin had a very wide spectrum of interests, not limited to heavy quark physics. He discovered the `custodial symmetry' of the electroweak theory relating the masses ofW and Z bosons. Voloshin, along with Okun' andM IVysotskii, proposed to measure time variations of neutrino fluxes associated with solar cycles as a method to discover the neutrino magnetic moment. These measurements have been carried out to date. Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 190 (5) 557 ± 558 (2020) Translated by M V Tsaplina PERSONALIA PACS number: 01.60.+q

Veselago suddenly died in the 90th year of his life. V G Veselago was an outstanding author at Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk (UFN) (Physics-Uspekhi, former Soviet Physics-Uspekhi) journal, working at FIAN (Lebedev Physical Institute) and IOF RAN (Prokhorov General Physics Institute) for a long time; he was chief researcher at IOF RAN, a doctor of sciences, a professor, and a laureate of the USSR State Prize. The prominent Soviet andRussian physicist VGVeselago was born on June 14, 1929 in the Zaporozhye region of the Ukrainian SSR (now Ukraine). At that time, his father worked at DneprostroiÐ the `socialist building project of the century'. Viktor Georgievich's interest in physics was formed during his school years after he read the popular book by Semen Emmanuilovich Khaikin, What is Radio? Viktor got infatuated with the subject and became an amateur radio operator. Later, during his student summer practice, he worked for three years under the guidance of S E Khaikin at the radio astronomical station of FIAN in Crimea. Viktor Georgievich would say that he had been lucky to become a student of the just organized Faculty of Physics and Technology of Lomonosov Moscow State University. The Faculty of Physics and Technology (Phystech.) later became detached from the university and was transformed into the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT). The lectures of such luminaries of science as the future Nobel laureates Lev Davidovich Landau and Petr Leonidovich Kapitza influenced him greatly. Lectures by corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences Sergei Mikhailovich Rytov, who delivered an excellent course on vibration theory, made a crucial impression on him. A marked role in the formation of VGVeselago as a young scientist was played by the advisor of his diploma project, Mark Efremovich Zhabotinsky. As VG himself noted, many teachers at Phystech MSU were very significant people. They not only transmitted knowledge to the students, but also shared the `greatness of their thoughts and feelings' with them. For this reason, VG thought of the four years that he had spent at Phystech as the happiest period of his life. By the end of his studies, Phystech had been disbanded, and VG graduated from the Physical Faculty ofMSU. However, VG considered himself to be a graduate precisely from Phystech. VGVeselago prepared and defended his diploma work at Lebedev Physical Institute of the USSRAcademy of Sciences in a group tutored by N A Irisova. He began his scientific activity under the guidance of the future Nobel laureate A M Prokhorov, first at FIAN and then at the detached Institute of General Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now AM Prokhorov IOF RAN). In the 1960s, the Solenoid installation was being built at FIAN to obtain superstrong magnetic fields. The installation was designed by GIPRONII, but the main elements of the construction were worked out by Viktor Georgievich himself. It was for the creation of that unique installation that V G Veselago received (in a group of colleagues) the 1976 State Prize of the USSR. At the same time, V G Veselago carried out several original studies with materials showing simultaneously semiconducting and ferromagnetic properties. In his firstUFN paper (seeUFN 92 517 (1967) [Sov. Phys. Usp. 10 509 (1968)]), V G Veselago showed that the refractive index, earlier considered to be positive, can assume negative values, too. This happens when the permittivity and permeability turn out to be negative. V G Veselago's prediction came true 33 years later, when Professor D R Smith developed a composite material with a negative refractive index, and Professor J B Pendry showed that the flat `negative'material lens proposed by Veselago might possess a heightened resolvability. In the world literature, there now exist about 8000 references to V G Veselago's work on this subject (and that is only in editions included in the WoS database). V G Veselago's priority in the field of the electrodynamics of Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 189 (3) 335 ± 336 (2019) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3367/UFNr.2019.02.038536 Translated by M V Tsaplina PERSONALIA PACS number: 01.60.+q

theoretical physicist and academician of RAS, Vladimir Evgen'evich Zakharov. His name is inseparably linked with the occurrence and development of modern nonlinear physics and mathematics. His achievements in this area long ago became classical and acknowledged by the world scientific community, a reflection of which is the highest rating of his scientific papers (his citation index amounts to more than 42,000). V E Zakharov graduated from the physical faculty of Novosibirsk State University (NSU) in 1963. He is one of the remarkable pleiad of first NSU graduates, a student of academician R Z Sagdeev. V E's scientific activity began at the famous Budker InstituteÐ the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences. Since 1974, he has been working at the L D Landau Institute of Theoretical Physics of RAS. For over 10 years from 1992, he was director of this institute. Since 2004, V E has been working at the P N Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, where he is head of the Laboratory of Mathematical Physics. VE has made a considerable contribution to practically all fields of modern physics: nonlinear plasma theory, hydrodynamics, solid state physics, nonlinear optics, oceanology, the theory of general relativity, field theory, and mathematical physics. The pioneering results in the theory of integrable systems associated with the development of the inverse scattering transform method, which are pearls of 20th-century mathematical physics, brought him recognition from not only physicists, but also mathematicians. The main contribution of VE to science is related to the development of the three most important avenues of nonlinear physics and mathematicsÐ the theory of wave collapses, the soliton theory, and the theory of wave turbulence. The prediction of Langmuir wave collapse in plasma as a new physical phenomenon and the theory formulated by him are remarkable achievements of VE in the field of nonlinear plasma physics. The theory of Langmuir turbulence based on the random phase approximation which existed before VE's paper of 1972 predicted the appearance of Langmuir condensate for k ˆ 0. This could in no way explain numerous experimental facts. VE established that such a scenario of the development of plasma turbulence is impossible because of so-called modulation instability of condensate. Being a nonlinear stage of the development of this instability, the collapse of Langmuir waves leads to compression of Langmuir packets to sizes of several Debye radii, which is accompanied by fast electron generation. The Langmuir collapse theory is based on the averaging method that allowed him to derive the equations of interaction of Langmuir and ion oscillations in plasma (in particular, the interaction of high-frequency and low-frequency sound type waves), now referred to as Zakharov equations. This work changed radically the concept of plasma turbulence and of the mechanisms of dissipation of high-frequencywave turbulence under collective methods of plasma heating, such as heating by electron beams or by a high-frequency electromagnetic field. This work proved to be very important for nonlinear studies not only in plasma physics, but also in nonlinear optics and hydrophysics related to turbulence of sea waves. The formulation of the wave collapse theory, beginning with VE's studies of the Langmuir collapse theory, selffocusing of light in twoand three-dimensional geometry, and up to the studies of interactions between collapses and weak wave turbulence and the influence of plasma collapse upon particle spectra is his fundamental contribution to the physics of nonlinear wave processes. The term `wave collapse' itself was introduced by VE in his papers and is now widely used in the scientific community. According to the conception formulated byVE and his students, the physical realization of Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 189 (10) 1127 ± 1128 (2019) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3367/UFNr.2019.08.038655 Translated by M V Tsaplina PERSONALIA PACS number: 01.60.+q

О конкурсе "Лучшие обзоры и статьи", опубликованные в журнале "Успехи физических наук" в 2015 году, Рубаков В.А., Аксентьева М.С.

О конкурсе "Лучшие обзоры и статьи", опубликованные в журнале "Успехи физических наук" в 2016 году, Рубаков В.А., Аксентьева М.С.

scientist and President of the Russian Academy of SciencesÐ turned 70 on January 23, 2016. V E Fortov has made a major contribution to the physics of extreme states of matter and high energy densities, nonideal plasmas, shock and detonation waves, thermophysics, chemical physics, space research, and energetics, as well as several other realms of physics and technology. V E Fortov was born into the family of air force engineerlieutenant colonel Evgenii Viktorovich and history schoolteacher Galina Ivanovna in the town of Noginsk, Moscow Region. Vladimir's childhood and school years were spent near a military airfield, which could not help having an influence on the course of his life. Upon graduation from school in 1962, he entered the Aerophysics and Space Research Department of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), where he engaged in research under the supervision of VM Ievlev, a correspondingmember of the USSRAcademy of Sciences, even in his second year atMIPT. In 1968, V E Fortov graduated from the institute with distinction in Thermodynamics and Aerodynamics and became a post-graduate student of MIPT. He defended his thesis, entitled ``Thermophysics of Nuclear Rocket Engines,'' in 1971, ahead of schedule. A fortuitous meeting (or maybe the decree of destiny?) with academician Ya B Zel'dovich suddenly changed the life of the young scientist. Yakov Borisovich witnessed V E Fortov's report to a scientific conference and recommended him to Nobel Laureate NN Semenov, and, instead of going to the Far East, where he had been placed in a job, Vladimir Fortov started working in the Chernogolovka Branch of the Institute of Chemical Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences. And so, withYaBZel'dovich's magic touch, Vladimir Evgen'evich engaged in research in the area of nonideal plasma physics and the thermophysical properties of extreme states of matter beginning in 1971. The results of this research formed the basis for his doctoral thesis, ``Nonideal plasma investigations using dynamic methods,'' which he defended in 1976, only five years after the commencement of his research. This subject area has been the focus of Fortov's attention until the present time: his monograph,Extreme States ofMatter on Earth and in the Cosmos (Berlin: Springer, 2011), was published in ``The Frontiers Collection'' book series to become a resource book for researchers in this area. Just the other day, his book Extreme States of Matter: High Energy Density Physics came out (Berlin: Springer, 2016). In parallel with plasma research, V E Fortov is deeply involved in studies of the mechanics of deformation and damage to materials exposed to high pressures, temperatures, and high deformation rates. Beginning in the 1980s, he supervised experimental and theoretical research into the mechanical properties of materials, damaging elements, barriers, and structures of special hardware. The expertise acquired in the course of studies of a highvelocity impact was in demand in the early 1980s, when a team of scientists headed by academician R Z Sagdeev started implementing the Vega International Space Program aimed at studying Halley's comet. The protection of the Vega spacecraft from meteorites and the system of dust impact analyzers fulfilled their task, and the computer codes employed in this case were later adapted for studying the problem of asteroid hazards. In particular, early in 1994, a group supervised by Fortov made a detailed prediction of the possible observable effects of an extraordinary space eventÐ the collision of Shoemaker±Levy comet with Jupiter in July 1994. The data of subsequent observations carried out by many laboratories in the world confirmed the high accuracy of these predictions. Similar work was performed in 2005 in connection with the Deep Impact ProjectÐa space experiment in which pioneering observations were made of a highvelocity collision of a metal striker with the nucleus of the 9P/Tempel comet. The successful solution to many scientific problems was facilitated by VEFortov's active cooperation with the General Physics Institute (GPI) and the Institute for High Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 186 (1) 109 ± 110 (2016) DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0186.201601h.0109 Translated by M V Tsaplina PERSONALIA PACS number: 01.60.+q

Памяти Вадима Алексеевича Кузьмина, Березин В.А., Березинский В.С., Гаврин В.Н., Долгов А.Д., Домогацкий Г.В., Кравчук Л.В., Красников Н.В., Матвеев В.А., Рубаков В.А., Ряжская О.Г., Ткачев И.И., Шапошников М.Е.

Михаил Владимирович Данилов (к 70-летию со дня рождения), Аушев Т.А.-Х., Бондарь А.Е., Волошин М.Б., Высоцкий М.И., Казаков Д.И., Мизюк Р.В., Новиков В.А., Пахлова Г.В., Пахлов П.Н., Рубаков В.А., Русинов В.Ю., Углов Т.В.

Александр Евгеньевич Бондарь (к 60-летию со дня рождения), Винокуров Н.А., Диканский Н.С., Кулипанов Г.Н., Логачев П.В., Онучин А.П., Пархомчук В.В., Рубаков В.А., Скринский А.Н., Тихонов Ю.А., Шатунов Ю.М., Шварц Б.А., Эйдельман С.И.

О конкурсе "Лучшие обзоры и статьи", опубликованные в журнале "Успехи физических наук" в 2013 году, Аксентьева М.С., Келдыш Л.В., Рубаков В.А., Руденко О.В.

New Results and Actual Problems in Particle & Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology, pp. 219-221 (2014) No AccessPANEL DISCUSSION VI: COSMOLOGYE. ANDERSON, A. DOLGOV, S. CROTHERS, A. MITRA, V. RUBAKOV and A. ZAKHAROVE. ANDERSON, A. DOLGOV, S. CROTHERS, A. MITRA, V. RUBAKOV and A. ZAKHAROVhttps://doi.org/10.1142/9789814578745_0028Cited by:0 Previous AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsRecommend to Library ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract: Questions to discuss: To what extent are Dark Matter and Dark Energy necessary to explain the observed properties of the Universe? Why are the Dark matter profiles so universal at the galactic scales? Are there viable candidates of modified gravitational dynamics to exclude the dark components of Universe? Do we have any perspectives to distinguish the Dark Energy from the cosmological constant? Are there any certain indications for sterile neutrinos in the cosmos? How does the Planck data change the view of inflation in the early Universe? What could be the origin of the inflaton plateau? So far, what else is interesting about the Planck data? What are the nearest crucial points in cosmological observations? Can we be more decisive discriminating between the anthropic principle, the superstringy landscape, fine tuning or dynamics as reasons for the cosmological coincidences? Keywords: Dark MatterDark EnergyModified Gravitational DynamicsCosmological constantsterile neutrinosPlanck data FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails New Results and Actual Problems in Particle & Astroparticle Physics and CosmologyMetrics History KeywordsDark MatterDark EnergyModified Gravitational DynamicsCosmological constantsterile neutrinosPlanck dataPDF download

In memory of Leonid Petrovich Grishchuk, Vladimir B Braginsky, Nikolai S Kardashev, Boris V Komberg, Vladimir G Kurt, Igor D Novikov, A G Polnarev, Konstantin A Postnov, Valerii A Rubakov, Valentin N Rudenko, Kip S Thorne, Anatolii M Cherepashchuk, N I Shakura

Памяти Юрия Владимировича Гапонова, Абов Ю.Г., Велихов Е.П., Герштейн С.С., Денисов С.П., Домогацкий Г.В., Коршенинников А.А., Матвеев В.А., Оганесян Ю.Ц., Панченко В.Я., Ряжская О.Г., Рубаков В.А., Сисакян А.Н.