The article presents a technique for identifying structural elements and details of the geological structure in digital terrain models (DTM) based on the theory of scale spaces. With its help, linear, dome-shaped and textural features are singled out from medium-resolution DTM (for example, SRTM03, GMTED2010), allowing to significantly improve the quality of studies related to tectonic and geological mapping and zoning. In general, the theory of scale — spaces is described in application to the solution of these problems and illustarted on the examples of a number of case studies.

современные проблемы дЗЗ из космоса, 15(2

The technology of applying the scale-space theory for processing digital elevation models (DEMs) is developed to single out and analyse relief structures and to solve geologic problems. Analysis of families of signals often involves the task of deriving their structures,i.e.frequency responses,invariants,and relationships among them[1-3].Structures,derived from the original data and presented at different scales,on the one hand,can differ significantly from each other,and on the other,can be used as mutually complementary ones allowing the most complete image of a given signal to be generated.The term "scale" should be understood in terms of accuracy of the presented data.Below follows the procedure of applying the theory to single out relief structures from DEM data.

This work discusses the satellite-derived synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to distinguish and justify the inner structures of ore districts located within the shields of ancients platforms activated in the Mesozoic. For this purpose, the SAR-based digital elevation models developed for the Elkon uranium-ore district in the Aldan-Stanovoi Shield were specially processed and lineaments and a set of other statistical parameters were calculated using WinLessa software. The processed data of the digital elevation models allowed us to identify new structural features of the Elkon ore district and evaluate its uranium-ore potential.

The paper presents basic principles of the scale-space theory. The principles of this theory for processing and analysis of the topography, with the aim of defi ning geological object are determined. Different combinations of three main types of large-scale representations: smoothed original images and two operators – the gradient module and the Laplacian operator form the basis of the optimal synthesized color images being used. Geological effectiveness is illustrated using synthesized images for tectonic studies.

Based on digital elevation models SRTM03 and SRTM30_Plus (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Survey) the technique for detecting major structural elements and elucidating details of the geologic structure including discrimination of linear structures and texture features is elaborated. The computation of the modulus of the first derivative by the co- ordinate, i.e

Based on the digital models of the relief and gravity anomaly field, the linear geological structures have been analyzed within the test area (122–129°E, 52–60°N) at the junction between the Aldan-Stanovoi Shield and a fragment of the eastern part of the Central-Asian Foldbelt. The application of a special filter to the digital relief model and the further processing of the initial data with the WinLessa program allowed us to obtain new additional information on the structure of the considered area. As a result, the temporal succession in the development of the geodynamic processes at the Stanovoi and Mongol-Okhotsk system-forming fault zones was established from the Late Jurassic till the present time. An evolution model of the junction boundary was proposed for this territory.

A method for processing of a digital terrain model using a gradient module and the Laplace operator of a Gaussian surface is described, and the results of applying it to small-scale geological-structural demarcation are presented. The studied area (52–61° N, 120–133° E) covers the southern portion of the Siberian Platform (the Aldan-Stanovoi Shield), the southeastern flank of the Early Paleozoic Selenga-Stanovoi orogenic belt, and the western portion of the Mesozoic Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt. It has been demonstrated that the interpretation of modified digital terrain models allows confident determinations of the sizes of and relationships between geological features and zones of different types and the identification of faults and tectonic blocks transformed to different extents.

The dynamics of river channel processes were analyzed in the region of complex floodplain-channel branching of the Amur River near Khabarovsk using remote sensing data of the Earth’s surface. Zones of steady accumulation and long-term erosion of the river channel are established within the Khabarovsk water junction over the period of 1964–2004. The main problems related to restoring the Amur River back to its initial channel were distinguished in the course of these works. A map of individual streams formed in the Amur River channel under the influence of large tributaries (the Sungari and Ussuri rivers) was developed. The importance of this map for forecasting the spreading of anthropogenic pollution in the channel of the Amur River is shown using the example of the emergency situation that resulted from the explosion at the chemical plant in the Sungari River basin (Jilin, China; November 2005).