Objective To research new technology of survival and verify the performance of new survival articles on plateau. Methods The technology of communications, orientation, life state surveillance, oxygen generator, and sleeping bag were studied, and survival experiment was accomplished on the Tibet plateau by 2 male volunteers. Results New technology of communications, orientation, and life state surveillance were developed; the oxygen generator and sleeping bag were improved; and the composing scheme of survival articles was adjusted. Two male subjects accomplished survival experiment successfully which sustained 72 h on the Tibet plateau at 4,742 and 5,237 m altitude. Conclusion The new survival technology was effective for communication, orientation, life state surveillance, jury oxygen supply, and cold resistance, and the new composing scheme of survival articles was competent for 72 h survival on plateau all the year except winter.

高原地区气候寒冷,海拔5000 m左右的高原地区气温比同纬度海平面低30℃左右.因此,寒冷成为飞行人员高原遇险生存中除缺氧、低气压之外威胁生命的一项主要因素.开展飞行人员高原防寒睡袋研究显得尤为重要.歼击机飞行员遇险生存所需的所有物品都存放在弹射座椅椅盆中,因此睡袋的设计除要考虑到足够的保暖量和防风因素之外,还必须考虑到自身包装体积和重量等因素.飞行人员救生防寒睡袋受限于包装体积的要求,保暖量仅为1.5 clo左右[1],因此要提高飞行人员高原遇险生存过程中抵御寒冷的能力,改善飞行人员救生防寒睡袋的保暖效果,就必须从改进制造材料人手. 关键词：高海拔(Altitude);防护装置(Protective devices);冷(Cold) 分类号：R852.81

Objective To determine the aviators' tolerance during long flight(8h) with helmet so as to provide basis for improving the design of the helmet prototype and guiding the use of helmet.Method Targets are divided into 3 groups by the weights of helmets(1.7kg or 2.0kg) and tasks(only providing video and musical entertainment or airline flight in flight simulators with tow seats).The volunteer's complaint and behavioral reaction in the tests were investigated and recorded.Result The problems of the volunteer's complaint are mainly the stuffy heat and pain of head and neck.To decrease the pain,the volunteers adjusted the helmet frequently.The adjusting reactions are related to the time progress and significantly different among the 3 groups.The moment of stuffy heat appears in 1h～3h,and the pain appears in 4h～7h.The frequency of complaints and adjustment varies,depending on the different weights of helmets and task loads.Conclusion weights of helmet and tasks make a notable impact to the endurance of volunteers.The heavy helmet and complex task make them hot and painful quickly.Frequently adjusting the helmet is the main behavioral reaction to release the discomfort.The results can be used for guiding the helmet design and use.

<正>中国航空学会第十一届安全救生学术交流会于2007年9月17～20日在风光旖旎的滨海城市威海举行。38名参会代表来自中航一、二集团所属的主机厂所,机载设备厂所,军队和地方与安全救生问题相关的科研院所和院校等17个单位。会议主办者