The paper presents a technology for producing base oil by oxidizing organosulfur compounds, contained in petroleum distillates and deasphaltisates, with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of vegetable (rapeseed and castor) oils, followed by extraction of oxidates and dewaxing of raffinates. Extraction of the resulting oxidized mixture (oxidate) was carried out with N-methylpyrrolidone. The content of rapeseed oil contained in the raffinate and extract was determined. The extract solution from a medium-viscosity oil distillate was cooled to obtain a secondary raffinate represented by a sulfoxide concentrate. The secondary raffinate was used as a base oil for producing a lubricant with high tribological properties for use in heavily loaded friction units. The rapeseed oil remained in the raffinate improves its viscosity index and lubricating properties. The raw materials and obtained raffinates were analyzed to assess their physicochemical and tribological properties.

A digital equipment monitoring system has been developed and implemented, which includes dynamic recording of the number of wear products and oil temperature with original modern recording devices, followed by the technology of their processing and use. The system also includes methods for fi nding the necessary information in large data sets useful and necessary in theoretical and practical terms with a similar technique controlled by a digital monitoring system. The advantages of monitoring system are the ability to predict the reliability of the equipment; reduce production risks and significantly reduce inefficient costs.

The article relates to the field of chemical technology and can be used in oil refining. The article reveals a method for producing base oils with a low sulfur content, environmentally friendly aromatic fillers and plasticizers of rubber and rubber, including selective purification of oil fractions of oil with a selective solvent, separation of the extract and raffinate solutions of the first stage, while the extract solution of the first stage is cooled, followed by separation in the settling tank of the pseudo-raffinate solution of the first stage, a raffinate solution of the first stage after solvent regeneration is dewaxed and oxidized, followed by extraction of the oxidized dewaxed oil to obtain raffinate and extract solutions of the second stage, from the raffinate solution of the second stage after solvent regeneration and subsequent adsorption or hydrotreatment, a base oil of group II with a low sulfur content is obtained, while the extract solution of the second stage is mixed with a pseudo-paraffinate solution of the first stage to obtain after solvent regeneration, an environmentally friendly aromatic filler and plasticizer of rubber and rubber with a polyaromatic hydrocarbon content of less than 2.9%.

Currently, to increase the efficiency of industrial production, high-performance and expensive technological equipment is increasingly used, in which the weakest link, from the point of view of efficiency and reliability, is the components and parts of heavily loaded tribo – couplings operating both at significantly different temperatures (conditionally under lighter conditions, the temperature difference can be 100-120 degrees) and climatic conditions (high humidity, the presence of abrasives and other chemical elements in the atmosphere). As the results of the analysis of the frequency of failures of friction units and, accordingly, the cost of their restoration reach 9-20 percent of the cost of all equipment, without taking into account significant losses of income (profit) of the enterprise from downtime. The solution of this problem is based on the study of the wear rate of friction units by the wear products accumulated in working oils, cooling lubricants, and greases. A digital equipment monitoring system (DSMT) has been developed and implemented, which includes dynamic recording of the number of wear products and oil temperature by original modern recording devices, followed by the technology of their processing and use. The system also includes methods for finding the necessary information in large data sets useful and necessary in theoretical and practical terms with a similar technique controlled by a digital monitoring system. The advantages of SMT are the ability to predict the reliability of the equipment; reduce production risks and significantly reduce inefficient costs.

Изучены противоизносные и противозадирные свойства N-замещенных 1,3,5-дитиазинана и 1,5,3-дитиазепанов, полученных циклотиометилированием аминов (моноэтаноламин, пропиламин) с формальдегидом и SH-кислотами (H2S, 1,2-этандитиол), в минеральных маслах при введении их в количестве 3 мас. %.

Antiwear and extreme pressure properties of N-substituted 1,3,5-dithiazinane and 1,5,3-dithiazepanes obtained via the cyclothiomethylation of amines (monoethanolamine, propylamine) with formaldehyde and SH acids (H2S, 1,2-ethanedithiol), taken in an amount of 3 wt %, in mineral oils have been studied.

The process of two-stage deasphalting of heavy resid with addition of used waste motor oil in the second stage is studied. A technology has been developed for used oil regeneration using two-stage deasphalting process. The second stage deasphalted oil can be used as the base oil.

A new method of ridding light fractions of South Uzbek oils of sulfur compounds is described. It is shown that upon oxidation of the sulfur compounds not only their solubility changes, but also their boiling point rises markedly. The boiling points of the oxidized sulfur compounds and the respective hydrocarbons differ by several scores of degrees. This allows separation of oxidized sulfur compounds by fractional distillation. Fractional distillation makes the purification process much simpler compared to the extraction method and reduces energy consumption substantially.

Technology is proposed for production of transformer oil with improved performance characteristics based on a narrow oil cut of medium-sulfur paraffin-base crude by selective treatment with N-methylpyrrolidone and final treatment with an adsorbent in fixed conditions. The oil obtained is distinguished by high stability of the electrical characteristics.

An efficient method is proposed for ridding hydrocarbon oil fractions of sulfides by oxidizing the latter with hydrogen peroxide to sulfoxides, which are removed from the distillates by solvent extraction.

The oxidation of lube-stock sulfides with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of carbonyl compounds was studied, and the activity of the additives was compared in terms of the degree depth and selectivity of the conversion of sulfides into sulfoxides. It was shown that alicyclic ketones and lower aliphatic carbonyl compounds exhibit the highest activity.

An efficient method for cleaning hydrocarbon lube oil fractions of sulfides by their oxidation with hydrogen peroxide to sulfonic acids was developed. The sulfonic acids are removed from distillates by extraction with N-methylpyrrolidone.

The catalytic properties of acids, metal compounds, and carbonyl compounds in reactions of oxidation of medium-sulfur crude diesel cut sulfides with hydrogen peroxide are examined. Comparative data on the effectiveness of these catalysts are reported. The mechanisms of formation of sulfoxides and sulfones with these catalysts are generalized. The possible mechanism of the effect of the catalysts is discussed. Optimum reactor designs which ensure minimal residence time of diesel cut sulfides in the reaction zone with effective heat and mass exchange are described.

The catalytic properties of acids and metal compounds in oxidation of sulfides in lube oil cuts of medium-sulfur crude oil by organic hydroperoxides are examined. Comparative data are reported on the effectiveness of these catalysts in the process. The activity of the catalysts was compared with respect to the depth and selectivity of conversion of sulfides into sulfoxides.

A simple and ecological two-stage method of removing sulfur from hydrotreated diesel fuel is described. In the first stage, the sulfur compounds left in the fuel are oxidized by hydrogen peroxide into sulfones, and in the second stage, the sulfones formed are extracted from the oxidation product by adsorption with silica gel. The diesel fuel obtained with this method satisfies the new European standards for sulfur content.

A method for finishing hydrotreated diesel fuel to remove sulfur compounds in two stages is described. In the first stage, sulfur compounds remaining in the fuel are oxidized into sulfones with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of molybdenum compounds and in the second stage, the sulfones are decomposed into sulfur dioxide and hydrocarbon on aluminosilicate catalyst. The fuel obtained satisfies the new European standards for sulfur content.

In exhaustive dewaxing of raffinate from the 300 – 400°C cut, the yield of MS–8 lube stock with a solid point of −55°C does not exceed 40%. The slack wax obtained contains 30 – 40% oils. As a result of deoiling the slack wax at a temperature of −24°C, soft wax with a melting point of +43°C and dewaxed oil with a solid point of −2°C were obtained. The first product is used as a component of the feedstock for production of synthetic fatty acids and the second is used for production of cooling fluids. The scheme for exhaustive refining of raffinate and the material balance of the process are reported.