The morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of siloxane urethane block copolymers based on oligosiloxane- and oligoalkylene diols are investigated. The dependence of morphology on the conditions of synthesis is studied via atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
Structures of amorphous polyether urethanes modified with oligomeric organosilicon blocks are studied via AFM, SEM, and TEM. The main structural unit of the investigated polymers is found to be a globule. The effect the silicon modifier has on the polyether urethane structure is determined.
Методами АСМ, СЭМ и ПЭМ изучена структура аморфных полиэфируретанов, модифицированных олигомерными кремнийорганическими блоками. Показано, что структурным элементом изученных полимеров является глобула. Установлено влияние кремнийорганического модификатора на структуру полиэфируретанов.
Методами АСМ, СЭМ и ПЭМ изучена структура аморфных полимеров полисилоксан-карбонат-уретанов. Показано, что структура полимера зависит от природы растворителя, используемого для формирования пленки.
The structure of amorphous polysiloxane carbonate urethanes is studied by AFM, SEM, and TEM. It is found that the polymer structure depends on the nature of solvent used for film casting.
Методами атомно-силовой (АСМ) и сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ) изучена структура силоксан-уретан-этиленоксидных блок-сополимеров. Методом рентгеновской дифракции определена степень кристалличности сополимеров. Установлена корреляция полученных результатов.
The structure of siloxane-urethane-ethylene oxide block copolymers is studied by means of atom force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degree of copolymer crystallinity is determined by X-ray diffraction. A correlation between the obtained results is established.
The structure of polymer nanocomposites containing CuS clusters is studied by atom force (AFM), scanning (SEM), and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, and by narrow-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The results point to the existence of spherical nanoparticles of 3–50 nm in diameter and larger agglomerates of sizes 1–5 μm in the studied nanocomposites (NCs). The morphology of NCs depends on the conditions of synthesis.
Описаны конструктивные особенности ультразвуковых диспергаторов УЗДН-1, УЗДН-2Т. Определены оптимальные условия диспергирования с использованием этих приборов для препарирования объектов в электронной микроскопии полимеров.
Structural characteristics of some gels derived from proteins and polysaccharides are examined by means of electron microscopy. It is shown that for such biopolymer systems, the results from electron microscopy and other research methods correlate.
The design features of UZDN-1 and UZDN-2T ultrasonic dispersers are described. The optimum conditions for dispersion using these apparatuses to prepare samples for the electron microscopy of polymers are determined.
Design features of UMTP-6 and UMTP-7 ultramicrotomes are described. The instruments were tested on the following systems: (1) polyethylene and Nylon 6 fibers treated with AgNO 3 and (2) different photographic films based on cellulose triacetate and containing silver halides.
The coating morphology of pericardum tissue with chitosan ionogen derivatives has been investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that a continuous polymer coating with a bilayer thickness of about 3.5 μm is formed on the pericardum surface. It is also found that the wettability of modified pericardum surface appreciably increases.
The design features of the cryostat RUPIK to an SEM-100U microscope are described. This cryostat was tested on aqueous suspensions of ground coniferous wood and photographic films. A layer-by-layer SEM study at low temperatures made it possible to perform rapid structural analysis on different portions of these objects.
Polycaproamide composites are synthesized by the anionic activated bulk polymerization of ɛ-caprolactam in the presence of 0.1–5.0 wt % of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and using low-molecularmass monofunctional ( N -acetyl-ɛ-caprolactam) and macromolecular polyfunctional (aromatic polyimides) activating agents. The effect of nanotubes on the polymerization of ɛ-caprolactam is studied, and this effect is shown to become more pronounced as the concentration of nanotubes is increased. The effect of nanotubes on the microstructure, phase composition, water sorption, thermophysical, mechanical, and friction characteristics of poly(caproamide) is analyzed.
Рассмотрены методические аспекты криотехники в электронной микроскопии гелей желатины, суспензий целлюлозы и свекольного жома. Метод термического анализа позволил определить условия препарирования этих образцов, исключающие артефакты.
Methodical aspects of application of the cryogenic technique in the electron microscopy of gelatin gels and cellulose and beet pulp aqueous suspensions are considered. The optimal conditions for sample preparation without artifacts are determined by thermogravimetric analysis.
It is established that graft copolymers of polycaproamide with 3–5 wt % of polyimide exhibit a rubber-like elasticity region above the polycaproamide melting temperature. Polycaproamide modification with polyimide increases the polymer thermal resistance, glass-transition temperature, and impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the supramolecular organization of polycaproamide is similar to that of its copolymers with polyimide but differs in the spherulite size.
The methodical aspects of preparation of biopolymer gels using cryotechniques have been considered. By the example of swollen corn starch grains, it is shown that, using a cryostat in scanning electron microscopy, aqueous biopolymer gels can be investigated without artifacts if the sample temperature lies in the range 130–140°C.