Due to original near infrared (NIR) spectra data containing a lot of noise and large amount of data, so it is very necessary to do preprocessing for spectral data before spectral data analysis. Near infrared spectrum data preprocessing mainly includes two tasks: one is the noise reduction to improve the robustness of the model and the accuracy of the prediction results; second, data compression, in order to facilitate the storage of data, and improve the modeling speed. Traditional NIR spectral data preprocessing methods have limitations, and are difficult to get a satisfactory effect in both aspects. This paper will use wavelet analysis on preprocessing of Apple NIR spectral data, select peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and normalized correlation coefficient (NC) as evaluation indexes, and compared with the commonly-used Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter and multiple scattering correction, wavelet method can not only effectively realize the data compression, and also superior to the other two preprocessing algorithm in terms of noise reduction and spectral details maintain.

目的 评价氯胺酮的线粒体毒性,从而探讨氯胺酮可能的毒性机制.方法 HepG2细胞培养基中分别加入齐多夫定10～2000 μmol·L-1培养7d,或加入氯胺酮50～3000 μmol·L-1培养24 h,CCK8细胞计数法测定细胞存活率.HepG2细胞培养基中分别加入齐多夫定100 μmol· L-1培养7d后,或加入氯胺酮100和1200 μmol·L-1培养24 h,化学发光法检测胞内ATP合成水平,荧光探针法检测胞内钙离子浓度、活性氧及线粒体膜电位(△Ψm)的变化,同时设齐多夫定1000 μmol· L-1用于实时荧光定量PCR检测线粒体DNA(mtDNA)表达水平的变化.结果 与正常对照组相比,齐多夫定10～ 2000 μmol· L-1可以抑制细胞存活,IC50为100 μmol·L-1;氯胺酮1000～ 3000 μmol· L-1抑制细胞存活,IC50为1200 μmol·L-1.与正常对照组相比,齐多夫定100 μmol·L-1组线粒体ATP合成水平显著下降(P＜0.05),胞内钙离子浓度明显升高(P＜0.05),活性氧水平显著升高(P＜0.05),△Ψm显著下降(P＜0.05),而1000 μmol· L-1可以明显干扰mtDNA表达水平(P＜0.05).氯胺酮100 μmol· L-1组ATP合成水平明显下降(P＜0.05),其他指标均无显著性差异;氯胺酮1200 μmol·L-1组ATP合成水平显著下降(P＜0.01),活性氧水平和胞内钙离子浓度显著升高(P＜0.01),△Ψm显著下降(P＜0.05),mtDNA水平无明显改变.结论 氯胺酮可以通过干扰线粒体代谢功能而诱导线粒体损伤.

This study aims to evaluate the risk and benefit profiles of panitumumab-based therapy (PBT) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Relevant randomized controlled trials were identified by searching PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Data on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), all grade and severe (grade ≥3) adverse events were extracted and pooled to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Number needed to treat (NNT) for PFS and number needed to harm (NNH) for significantly changed toxicities were calculated. A total of 4,155 patients were included in the analysis. PBT significantly improved PFS (HRrandom = 0.66, 95 % CI = 0.45–0.95) but not OS (HRfixed = 0.93, 95 % CI = 0.83–1.04) when used in the subsequent-line setting. The effect on PFS was more evident in patients with wild-type KRAS (HRrandom = 0.64, 95 % CI = 0.47–0.87) and the NNT for PFS is 11 to 23at 1 year. PBT did not benefit patients when used in the first-line setting. In addition, PBT significantly increased the risk of skin toxicity, infections, diarrhea, dehydration, mucositis, hypokalemia, fatigue, hypomagnesemia, pulmonary embolism and paronychia. The NNHs for skin toxicity, diarrhea, infection, hypokalemia and mucositis are less than 23. In conclusion, when used in the subsequent-line setting, PBT can improve the disease progression, especially in mCRC patients with wild-type KRAS. Regarding the adverse events associated with the PBT, close monitoring and necessary preparations are recommended during the therapy.

With China's rapid economic development and the world's total primary Energy declining, Energy bottleneck effect on China's economy has become increasing evident. China's economic growth pattern is in the transitional period from extensiveness to intensiveness, the improvement of the energy structure also becomes more urgent. In this paper, the authors put forward some measures to adjust China's energy structure through the analysis of the status quo of China's energy structure and the existing problems. To achieve the sustainable development of energy, economics and environment, we must accelerate the transformation of China's energy structure, and strengthen publicity and promote healthy lifestyles.

With the globalization of business competition, and the updating of knowledge accelerates, the traditional library service model has failed to meet the enterprises needs of business competition on the information services. In particular, used by some modern information technology, personalized service model of digital library has become increasingly important trend in the future development of libraries. So, how to provide library individualized information service for enterprises based on network environment become an urgent problem for library development. This paper discusses several aspects of individualized information service in building of library, such as the necessity, the characteristics, and some countermeasures.

OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to assess the association between tea consumption and endometrial cancer.STUDY DESIGN:Studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases and screening the references of retrieved articles. The summary relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated.RESULTS:The combined RR for ever drinkers vs non/lowest drinkers was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.77-0.94). Compared with non/lowest drinkers, the summary RR was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.78-0.98) for low to moderate drinkers and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.64-0.88) for high drinkers. An increase in tea intake of 2 cups/day was associated with a 25% decreased risk of endometrial cancer. In subgroup analyses, tea consumption was significantly associated with reduced endometrial cancer risk in Asian studies and studies using interviewing techniques. Furthermore, the protective effect of green tea on endometrial cancer seemed more evident than that of black tea.CONCLUSION:Findings from this metaanalysis suggest that tea consumption may reduce the risk of endometrial cancer. Because of the limited number of studies, further prospective studies are needed to explore the protective effect of tea on endometrial cancer.

目的建立分析适合安全性评价试验中Beagle犬心率(Hear rate,HR)的校正QT间期(correct QT,QTc)计算方法。方法171只健康Beagle犬是本实验室7个GLP长期毒性试验所用动物,均购于广州医药工业研究院。本实验采用的HR和QT间期均为给药前测得的Beagle犬基础值。分别采用目前公认的Bazett(QTc=QT/(RR)1/2,Bazett,1920)、Fridericia(QTc=QT/(RR)1/3,Fridericia,1920)、Sagie(QTc=QT+0.154(1-RR),Sagie etal.,1992)、Todt(QTc=QT-0.1(RR-1000),Todt etal.,1992)、Vande Water(QTc=QT-0.087(RR-1000),Van de Water etal.,1989)等5种公式计算QTc。用SPSS作单线性回归,以HR为自变量,QTc为应变量作回归分析。结果用以上5种公式分别计算得到的QTc与HR作回归分析,不同性别间QTc与HR回归参数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。除Vande Water公式外(P=0.297),其他公式计算得到的QTc和HR回归参数与0比较,均有显著相关(Bazett、Fridericia和Sagie公式,P<0.001;Todt公式,P=0.024),表明Van de Water公式可能更适合本实验室Beagle犬QT间期的校正。结论根据Beagle犬的基础HR和QT间期值,可以分析获得较适合安全性评价试验中Beagle犬HR的QT间期校正计算公式。

Purpose: The retinoic acid receptors are expressed from early stages of development in the diverse tissues that make up the vertebrate eye. Their loss has subtle effects on eye development. We adapted sensitive quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping methods to assess consequences of inactivating alleles of the alpha and beta receptors, Rara and Rarb, on eye and retinal development. Rara is of particular interest because this gene is a candidate for Nnc1, a QTL that controls retinal ganglion cell proliferation.Methods: We studied lines of mice in which expression of the a1 isoform of Rara or all isoforms of Rarb had been disrupted by gene targeting. We measured eye weight, lens weight, retinal area, and retinal ganglion cell number in each of six genotypes (Rara and Rarb -/-, +/-, +/+; 10-25 cases/genotype).Results: Loss of either protein is associated with a small but significant loss of eye weight and retinal area. However, only the Rarb knockout has a significant effect on the ganglion cell population and the loss of both wildtype alleles leads to an 8,000 cell deficit. Surprisingly, loss of the Rara a1 isoform that is expressed in this cell population from early stages has no effect on number. Null alleles of both genes have little if any effect on lens growth.Conclusions: Despite its expression in embryonic retina, Rara is unlikely to be the Nnc1 QTL. In contrast, Rarb, a gene that maps to Chr 14 and which is not an Nnc1 candidate gene, has a significant effect on cell number and is therefore a QTL controlling this key population. This raises the intriguing possibility that normal allelic variants of Rarb modulate the ganglion cell population in other vertebrates, including humans.

PURPOSEVision is critically dependent on genetic factors that influence the rate and duration of eye growth. The genetic basis of variation in eye size in mice was explored, and genes that modulate eye weight, lens weight, and retinal area were mapped.METHODSEyes of approximately 700 mice were weighed. Data were corrected by regression analysis to eliminate effects of sex, age, and body weight. Interval mapping was used to locate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using recombinant inbred strains and F2 intercrosses between strains C57BL/6J and DBA/2J.RESULTSMajor QTLs were discovered near the centromere of chromosome 5 (Eye1: genomewide P < 0.005) and on proximal chromosome 17 near the mast cell protease 6 gene (Eye2, P < 0.05). Both QTLs have significant effects on eye size, lens weight, and retinal area. The DBA/2J alleles at Eye1 and Eye2 are partially dominant and increase eye weight by as much as 1.0 mg. Analysis of 183 F2 progeny confirmed and refined the chromosomal assignments of both Eye1 and Eye2.CONCLUSIONSEye1 and Eye2 are the first loci known to control normal variation in eye size in any mammal. The hepatic growth factor gene (Hgf), a potent mitogen expressed in the retina, pigment epithelium, and choroid, is a strong candidate for Eye1. The human homolog of Eye2 should map to chromosome 6p, 16q13.3, or 19q13, whereas that of Eye1 should map to 7q.