本文详细回顾了蛟龙号载人潜水器应用而生的立项背景,介绍了由业主中国大洋协会负责项目组织实施的新模式.总结了蛟龙号的技术优势以及近年来在大洋勘探中的应用情况,阐述了蛟龙号对认识和开发利用深海资源做出的积极贡献,指出了蛟龙号在推动深海技术进步和新兴产业发展过程中起到的重要作用,以及中国载人深潜精神作为项目团队前进动力发挥的指导作用.最后,对蛟龙号载人潜水器在我国下一步国际海底和深海大洋资源开发中的工作进行了展望.

针对海洋科学研究、海洋资源开发、海洋权益维护等重大需求,我国启动了系列化深海潜水器关键技术与装备研究,经过二十余年的跨越式发展,已经构建了装备类型、作用深度、应用领域三个维度的深海潜水器装备谱系化框架雏形.本文从发展历程、在役情况、现状分析三个角度对国内外深海潜水器进行梳理,形成时间轴、里程碑、量化图表总览,为我国深海潜水器领域的技术发展和决策提供支撑.

The towed system includes towing ship, cable and towed body. The main disturbances come from towing ship’s heave and pitch motion induced by sea wave and wind. Sea surface disturbances are trans-ferred along cable to cause towed body bad performance. The reduced ship motion mathematical model, cable dynamics model, and towed body motion model are initially integrated as a new disturbance propa-gation model by connection conditions in this paper. A computer program simulates the surface regular wave disturbance propagation property of two part towed system according to the model. The integral method can be used in the design of sea towed system.

Hemispheric window is the important equipment of Atmospheric Diving Suit, when combined with compression resistance body shell, it can provide atmospheric space for diver and sufficient observe field. In this paper, the compression deformation and creep were analyzed by calculation and test, and the result was used for the design of hemispheroid window. The paper can be used as reference for such type of window design.

论证了用于天然气水合物调查的轻便型声学深拖系统的总体方案,其拖曳方式选择是其核心问题之一,重力型拖体操作方便但稳定性差,弱正浮力型拖体稳定性好而操作复杂.首先论证了两型声学深拖的运动性能,分析了提升重力型拖体稳定性的措施,结果表明,重力型拖体俯仰运动稳定性显著弱于弱正浮力型拖体,并且各项改善措施对于稳定性提高不显著.其次对测深侧扫声呐、多波束测深声呐、浅地层剖面仪和声多普勒测速仪等声学深拖系统主要搭载声呐开展分析,准定量的得到对拖曳平台稳定性的要求.综合考虑拖体稳定性、配套装备要求、开发经验和成本等因素,为了获得更好的探测结果,最终确定采用弱正浮力型拖曳系统,并给出了系统的总体设计方案.

蛟龙号载人潜水器于2012年完成了7000米级的海试, 标志着我国跻身掌握深潜技术的少数几个国家之一, 取得了第二代载人潜水器最大下潜深度的记录. 蛟龙号海试的成功离不开研制过程中的质量控制. 本文将简要介绍蛟龙号潜水器在人员队伍建设、 制度建设、 设计过程以及试验过程等方面的质量控制方法, 在这些有效的质量控制措施下, 保证了蛟龙号的海试成功.

Inthispapersamerequirementsoftheatmospherecontroltechnologyintheclosedspace at various underwater vehicles, such as submarine and manned submersible, are introduced. Based on the objective conditions of Jiaolong, this paper analyzed the particular demand for the atmosphere control technology from the aspects of power, space size and gases concentration. Several O2 supplying methods and CO2 absorption methods in closed space such as peroxide, physical oxygen supply, water electroanalysis, the potassium chlorate pyrogenation, mono ethanol amine( MEA) , molecular sieve, solid amine, soda lime and lithium hydroxide are compared. Based on these methods, a suitable atmosphere control technology and a prototype is developed, and the prototype is set up in the cabin of“Jiaolong” . A series of experiments has been achieved in both the South China Sea and the North-East Pacific. The validity of the prototype is approved by these experiments.

A Stable and reliable supplying system of oxygen is very important for the development of a deep manned submersible.In this paper different requirements of O2 concentration in a closed space at various underwater vehicles,such as submarine and human occupied vehicle(HOV),are introduced.Particular demands for supplying O2 are analyzed from three aspects,power,space size and O2 concentration.Several O2 supplying methods in a closed space such as peroxide,physical oxygen supply,water electro-analysis,and potassium chlorate pyrogenation are compared and one appropriate method among them is selected for HOV.According to this supplying mechanism,a suitable O2 supplying technology and a prototype are developed to prove the effectiveness of this method.The oxygen supply prototype is set up in the cabin of the Jiaolong.A series of experiments has been achieved in both the South China Sea and the North-East Pacific.The validity of the prototype is approved by these experiments.

In this paper,the profile and layout of stabilizer fin are described firstly.A new calculation method of outer load for stabilizer fin is proposed after the selection of material and structure types are given.Then dynamic load and safety coefficient are chose.Finally,stress calculating method and standard of strengthen are established completely,which can be used in the design of stabilizer fin and alse be used as a better reference to Chinese Rules for classification and construction of deep sea submersible and similar products(HOV,ROV,AUV).

It is well known that there are a lot of ocean resources in the deep sea.Therefore,it is necessary to develop the deep-sea human occupied vehicle(HOV) in order to explore and utilize the ocean resources.Light exostructure,which is usually laminated with advanced composite material,is one of the basic components in the deep-sea HOV.In this paper,working conditions and technical requirements of light exostructure in the deep-sea HOV are first explained.And then,the key technologies in the development of HOV,such as the basic principles of material selection and structure types for light exostructure are introduced.Moreover,some important techniques,including the principles of reasonable arrangement for light exostructure,manufacturing technology and methods,as well as anti-marine corrosion are in detail described.At last,by means of the tests of light exostructure laminated with advanced composite material,the physical and mechanical properties of light exostructure are obtained,which can be used in light exostructure design.It is believed by authors that the research results presented in this paper can be used as a technical basis to develop Chinese rules for classification and construction of deep-sea submersible and for the design of similar manned or unmanned submersibles.