BACKGROUND:Identification of effective biomarkers for cancer prognosis is a primary research challenge. Recently, several studies have reported the relationship between NCAPG and the occurrence of various tumors. However, none have combined meta-analytical and bioinformatics approaches to systematically assess the role of NCAPG in cancer. METHODS:We searched four databases, namely, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, for relevant articles published before April 30, 2022. The overall hazard ratio or odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the relationship between NCAPG expression and cancer survival prognosis or clinical characteristics. Furthermore, the aforementioned results were validated using the GEPIA2, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and PrognoScan databases. RESULTS:The meta-analysis included eight studies with 1096 samples. The results showed that upregulation of NCAPG was correlated with poorer overall survival (hazard ratio = 2.90, 95% confidence interval = 2.06-4.10, P < 0.001) in the cancers included in the study. Subgroup analysis showed that in some cancers, upregulation of NCAPG was correlated with age, distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, relapse, differentiation, clinical stage, and vascular invasion. These results were validated using the GEPIA2, UALCAN, and PrognoScan databases. We also explored the processes of NCAPG methylation and phosphorylation. CONCLUSION:Dysregulated NCAPG expression is associated with the clinical prognostic and pathological features of various cancers. Therefore, NCAPG can serve as a human cancer therapeutic target and a new potential prognostic biomarker.

Introduction: Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the standard treatment for pancreatic-head and periampullary tumors, but it carries a risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula. This study evaluated the effect of a new pancreatic anastomotic technique, end-to-end invagination pancreaticojejunostomy with discontinuous U suture, on rates of pancreatic fistula and other complications. Material and Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the records of 263 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at Jilin University Second Hospital and Jilin University Third Affiliated Hospital from August 2016 to June 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A, who underwent end-to-end invagination pancreaticojejunostomy with discontinuous U suture ( n =176); and Group B, who underwent end-to-side duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy ( n =87). The data were analyzed by the t test, rank-sum test, chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The median surgical time in the U-suture group was 5.50 (1.00) hours, shorter than 7.00 (2.75) hours in the duct-to-mucosa group ( P =0.000). The median intraoperative blood loss volumes significantly differed between the two procedures (U-suture group: 300.00 (400.00) ml, duct-to-mucosa group: 400.00 (500.00) ml; P =0.037). The rates of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula were as follows: cohort as a whole, 5.32%; U-suture group, 2.84%; and duct-to-mucosa group, 10.34%. The rates of clinically relevant and grade B pancreatic fistulas were significantly lower in the U-suture group ( P =0.017 and P =0.017, respectively). The two groups did not significantly differ in other factors ( P >0.05). Conclusion: End-to-end invagination pancreaticojejunostomy with discontinuous U suture can evidently decrease the rates of clinically relevant and Grade B pancreatic fistulas, with no increase in other complications, and with a shorter surgical time and less intraoperative blood loss. The U-suture technique is a safe, relatively easy anastomotic method with great clinical value.Funding Information: The research received no financial support.Conflict of Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest. Ethical Approval: The research was approved and consented by the Ethics Committee of Jilin University and in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000.

Pancreatic cancer is a kind of aggressive tumor famous for its lethality and intractability, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common type. Patients with pancreatic cancer often suffer a rapid loss of weight and abdominal neuropathic pain in their early stages and then go through cachexia in the advanced stage. These features of patients are considered to be related to metabolic reprogramming of pancreatic cancer and abundant nerve innervation responsible for the pain. With increasing literature certifying the relationship between nerves and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), more evidence point out that innervation’s role is not limited to neuropathic pain but explore its anti/pro-tumor functions in PDAC, especially the neural–metabolic crosstalks. This review aims to unite pancreatic cancer’s innervation and metabolic rearrangements with terminated published articles. Hopefully, this article could explore the pathogenesis of PDAC and further promote promising detecting or therapeutic measurements for PDAC according to the lavish innervation in PDAC.

Surgery is the main treatment for liver cancer in clinic owing to its low sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but this results in high mortality, recurrence, and metastasis rates. It is a feasible strategy to construct tumor microenvironments activated by nanotheranostics agents for the diagnosis and therapy of liver cancer. This study reports on a nanotheranostic agent (MONs@PDA-ICG) with manganese oxide nanoflowers (MONs) as core and polydopamine (PDA) as shell loading, with ICG as a photosensitizer and photothermal agent. MONs@PDA-ICG can not only produce ROS to kill cancer cells but also exhibit good photothermal performance for photothermal therapy (PTT). Importantly, O 2 generated by MONs decomposition can relieve the tumor hypoxia and further enhance the treatment effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT). In addition, the released Mn 2+ ions make MONs@PDA-ICG serve as tumor microenvironments responsive to MRI contrast for highly sensitive and specific liver cancer diagnosis.

Abstract Microorganisms can help maintain homeostasis in humans by providing nutrition, maintaining hormone balance, and regulating inflammatory responses. In the case of imbalances, these microbes can cause various diseases, even malignancy. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by high tumor invasiveness, distant metastasis, and insensitivity to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, and it is confirmed that PC is closely related to microorganisms. Recently, most studies based on clinical samples or case reports discussed the positive or negative relationships between microorganisms and PC. However, the specific mechanisms are blurry, especially the involved immunological pathways, and the roles of beneficial flora have usually been ignored. We reviewed studies published through September 2020 as identified using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. We mainly introduced the traits of oral, gastrointestinal, and intratumoral microbes in PC and summarized the roles of these microbes in tumorigenesis and tumoral development through immunological pathways, in addition to illustrating the relationships between metabolic diseases with PC by microorganism. In addition, we identified microorganisms as biomarkers for early diagnosis and immunotherapy. This review will be significant for greater understanding the effect of microorganisms in PC and provide more meaningful guidance for future clinical applications.

BACKGROUND:Increasing evidence supports the association of microRNA with tumor occurrence and development. However, the expression of miR-6875-3p and its role in cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive.METHODS:The expression of miR-6875-3p and BTG2 in HCC tissues and cell lines was detected by using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, respectively. A western blot assay, qRT-PCR and Luciferase reporter assay were employed to study the interaction between miR-6875-3p and BTG2. Cell proliferation invasion and metastasis were measured by MTT, transwell and matrigel analyses in vitro. In vivo, tumorigenicity and metastasis assays were performed in nude mice.RESULTS:We found that miR-6875-3p were elevated expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines, and negatively correlated with BTG2 expression, while positively correlated with tumor staging, size, degree of differentiation, and vascular invasion of HCC. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo assays showed that miR-6875-3p regulates EMT and improve the proliferation, metastasis and stem cell-like properties of HCC cells. BTG2 was identified as a direct and functional target of miR-6875-3p via the 3'-UTR of BTG2. We also confirmed that miR-6875-3p plays its biological functions via the BTG2/FAK/Akt pathway.CONCLUSION:Our study provides evidence that high expression of miR-6875-3p can promote tumorigenesis of HCC in vitro and in vivo, so as to function as a novel oncogene in HCC. In mechanism, we found that miR-6875-3p plays its biological functions via the BTG2/FAK/Akt pathway.

Introduction: Postoperative pancreatic fistula is the most troublesome complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy, and is an on-going area of concern for pancreatic surgeons. The specific pancreatic reconstruction technique is an important factor influencing the development of postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Areas covered: In this paper, we briefly introduced the definition and relevant influencing factors of postoperative pancreatic fistula. We performed a search of all meta-analyses published in the last 5 years and all published randomized controlled trials comparing different pancreatic anastomotic techniques, and we evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques. Expert opinion: No individual anastomotic method can completely avoid postoperative pancreatic fistula. Selecting specific techniques tailored to the patient's situation intraoperatively may be key to reducing the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNA molecules that can be secreted into the circulation and exist in remarkably stable forms. Like intercellular miRNAs, circulating miRNAs participate in numerous regulations of biological process and expressed aberrantly under abnormal or pathological status. The quality and quantity changes of circulating miRNAs are associated with the initiation and progression of cancer and can be easily detected by basic molecular biology techniques. Consequently, considerable effort has been devoted to identify suitable extracellular miRNAs for noninvasive biomarkers in cancer. However, several challenges need to be overcome before the practical application. In this review, we discuss several issues of circulating miRNAs: biological function and basic transport carriers; extracellular cell communication process; roles as reliable cancer biomarkers and usage in targeted cancer therapy; and challenges for clinical application.

Background Obesity was a recognized risk factor for the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the effects and mechanisms by which obesity promotes HCC metastasis remain poorly understood. Materials and methods We cultured adipocyte induced by preadipocyte 3T3-L1 in vitro and established HCC metastasis model in obesity mouse in vivo to mimic the tumor microenvironment in obese status. The mechanisms underlying obesity-associated miR-27a upregulation promoting HCC metastasis were investigated. Results In this study, we showed that miR-27a was upregulated in adipocytes, obese mouse model and clinical samples, and the increased miR-27a level promoted migration and invasion in HCC cells, increased the number of metastasis nodes in obese mouse model, and was associated with poor clinical outcomes. Overexpressed secreted frizzled-related protein 1 in HCC cells and tissues significantly alleviated the upregulation of β-catenin and matrix metalloproteinase-7 induced by high level of miR-27a. Meanwhile, the E-cadherin expression decreased and Vimentin expression increased, linking with high level of β-catenin in high-fat group. Conclusion Taken together, our results have elucidated the critical role of extracellular miR-27a as a pro-metastatic factor in HCC and revealed that obesity-associated miR-27a upregulation promoted HCC metastasis through activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling by suppressing secreted frizzled-related protein 1. Our findings shed light on the novel mechanism underlying HCC metastasis and provided miR-27a as a promising target for obese liver cancer therapy.

Primary liver cancer is a common kind of digestive cancers with high malignancy, causing 745,500 deaths each year. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the major pathological type of primary liver cancer. Traditional treatment methods for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have shown poor efficacy in killing residual cancer cells for a long time. In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has emerged as a promising method owing to its safety and efficacy with respect to delaying the progression of advanced tumors and protecting postoperative patients against tumor relapse and metastasis. Immune tolerance and suppression in tumor microenvironments are the theoretical basis of immunotherapy. Adoptive cell therapy functions by stimulating and cultivating autologous lymphocytes ex vivo and then reinfusing them into the patient to kill cancer cells. Cancer vaccination is performed using antigenic substances to activate tumor-specific immune responses. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can reactivate tumor-specific T cells and develop an antitumor effect by suppressing checkpoint-mediated signaling. Oncolytic viruses may selectively replicate in tumor cells and cause lysis without harming normal tissues. Here, we briefly introduce the mechanism of immunosuppression in hepatocellular carcinoma and summarize the rationale of the four major immunotherapeutic approaches with their current advances.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Cdc42-shRNA plasmid to proliferation, migration, invasion and other malignant biological behavior in hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells.METHODS:Cdc42-shRNA interfering vector transfected to SMMC-7721 cells with liposome method. The growth curve of transfected cells SMMC-7721, U6-control, Cdc42-shRNA2 was detected by MTT. The cells mobility was detected by wound healing experiment. Transwell chamber experiments to observe the cell migration and invasion. Detected AFP and PCNA expression level by Western blot.Human hepatoma SMMC-7721 transplanted subcutaneously in nude mouse, detected the expression of Cdc42 of the tumor by immunohistochemistry.t test was used to analyze the data between two groups.RESULTS:The doubling time of Cdc42-shRNA2, U6-control and SMMC7721 was 42.7 h, 34.9 h and 35.1 h. The relative migration distance of Cdc42-shRNA2 and U6-control on 36 h was (47.1 ± 4.1)% and (86.6 ± 5.3)% (t=-10.21, P<0.05). Transwell chamber experimental methods showed the numbers of permeating cells were 18.2 ± 2.1(Cdc42-shRNA2) and 41.0 ± 3.5 (U6-control) (t=-9.67, P<0.05) on 24 h. The AFP and PCNA expression of hepatoma cells is significantly inhibited after the Cdc42-shRNA2 was transfected compared with U6-control group.The tumor average weight of group Cdc42-shRNA2 was (335.1 ± 178.2) mg, which was much lighter than that of SMMC-7721 group ((925.3 ± 241.4) mg) and U6-control group ((910.5 ± 225.6) mg) (t=-4.47, -4.39; P<0.05) and the Cdc42 expression was also weak positive.CONCLUSION:Cdc42 interfere with plasmid significant changes in human malignant biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and reduces liver cancer cell growth, invasion and metastasis of capacity.

The Piwi subfamily is one of two Argonaute family proteins, which are characterized by the presence of Piwi and Piwi‑Argonaute‑Zwille domains, and are well known for their role in RNA silencing. Hiwi, a human member of the Piwi subfamily, is restricted to the germ line, where it binds Piwi‑interacting RNAs and functions in stem cell self‑renewal and gametogenesis. Previous reports have indicated that abnormal Hiwi expression may be associated with a poor prognosis of numerous types of human cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is currently known about the oncogenic role of Hiwi in HCC. In the present study, it was confirmed that Hiwi is overexpressed at both the mRNA and protein level, in HCC specimens, as well as in MHCC97L and MHCC97H HCC cell lines. A lentivirus‑mediated small hairpin rna (shRNA) targeting Hiwi was constructed and used to infect MHCC97L and MHCC97H cells. Relative Hiwi mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were determined using cell count, scratch and Transwell assays, respectively. Hiwi mRNA and protein expression was significantly downregulated in HCC cells in response to transduction with the lentivirus‑mediated shRNA. Furthermore, the proliferative, migrative and invasive properties of the shRNA‑transduced cells were significantly decreased. Therefore, Hiwi downregulation mediated by shRNA, may reduce the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. These results indicate that Hiwi may have an important role in the progression of HCC and may be a target for anticancer therapy.

针对传统深海生物幼体取样器无法保压、无法多层尤其是近底层取样的难题,该文设计了一套液压驱动的取样器,介绍了取样器的结构和工作原理。对取样器样机进行了实验室试验和深海试验研究,结果表明,取样器具有良好的取样和保压能力。

Cabled seafloor observatories are subsea infrastructure for real-time, in-situ and 3-dimensional oceanographic observations. Data acquired by cabled seafloor observatories can be used for tsunami/earthquake forecast, environmental monitoring, research on climate change, etc. In our work, a Scientific Instrument Interface Module (SIIM) has been developed for the connection of underwater instruments with various power requirements and communication interfaces. It is a standard device interfacing between instruments and cabled seafloor observatories. Reliability and flexibility are emphasized during the design of SIIM to reduce maintenance cost. With the use of industrial control technology and modular design, the number and type of the instrument ports are configurable according to customer requirements.

Key features of wireless laser communication include: a high data rate, no requirement for transmission media, portable, free of electromagnetic interference, etc. These make wireless laser communication a promising method for communication between islands or terminals over sea. However, as laser propagates through the atmosphere over the sea, the wavefront of the laser beam is distorted by the atmospheric turbulence and the reliability of the communication system is degraded. A major difference between the atmosphere over sea and that in land is that the humidity over sea is higher than in land. Therefore this work investigates the influence of water vapor on the wavefront of a laser beam propagating over water in a simulated marine environment, and corrects the wavefront aberration by a closed-loop adaptive optical system. Experimental results show that the wavefront of the laser beam is distorted severely by the water vapor and the closed-loop adaptive optical system is able to correct the wavefront aberration efficiently.

Seafloor observatories provides brand new approaches in order to observe the undersea world with a capability of achieving continuous long-term data. This paper briefly introduces an observatory namely Zhejiang University (ZJU)-ZRS Experimental Research Observatory (Z2ERO), located in ZRS Island, East China Sea. Z2ERO serves as both an observatory and a testbed.

<正>急性胆囊炎是普外科常见的急腹症之一,大多数急性胆囊炎是因为胆汁淤积并继发细菌感染,当机体抵抗力下降时引发急性胆囊炎症,而胆汁淤积的原因主要是由于机械性梗阻,如胆囊内结石形成,急性胆囊炎分为急性非结石性胆囊炎、结石,

The seafloor observatories attract increasing interests since they explore the deep ocean in a realtime and in-situ manner, which has been pursued for centuries since people first time tried to disclose the mystery of oceans. Seafloor observatory systems consist of remote sensing, stationary, movable and drifting platforms which are assembled throughout the country. The scientific instrument interface module (SIIM) is a key component that connects scientific instruments to junction box (JB), acting as an interface between instruments and JBs. This paper presents SIIM mechanical design with the features of compact size, light weight, high pressure durability, good heat dissipation performance, and easy sea deployment. The design includes a pressure vessel, electrical devices arrangement in the chamber and base frame for sea deployment. Analytical and numerical methods are adopted throughout the system design. The results show that our design solves the pressure and heat dissipation problems.

The αth-order inverse system control model based on support vector machine(SVM)is proposed to realize lift control of electro-hydraulic variable valve system.The proposed method is suitable for the control problems of high order and non-linear systems.The off-line inverse system model of the electro-hydraulic variable valve system is established according to the system input and output.A pseudo-linear system is obtained after cascading the SVM inverse system before the original system.The simulation results show that good control characteristics of the VVS can be achieved by utilizing αth-order inverse system control model which is based on SVM.

A control method based on peak and hold technique is applied to variable valve system to prompt its response rate. The proposed method is characterized by a significantly higher response rate compared with the standard control method. Different from the standard control method, which provides the coil with a constant voltage proportional to the target lift, the control system based on PH method provides the coil with higher voltage during the rising stage of the valve to prompt its response rate. The mathematical model of the system is derived to establish the transfer function of the system. The optimal duration of peak voltage is obtained by simulink models. The experimental results indicate that much higher frequency response can be guaranteed by employing PH method. The maximal frequency that the system can achieve is 51 Hz, which is greatly enhanced from 25 Hz by employing the standard control method.