The results of the creation of an electrically conductive layer of polyaniline (PANI) on the surface of a polyethylene (PE) film modified by postradiation chemical grafting polymerization of styrene followed by the sulfonation of the grafted polystyrene (PS) chains are presented in this work. The distribution of sulfonated PS through the thickness of the PE film when varying both the degree of grafting of PS and degree of sulfonation of the latter is studied. It is shown that two types of films can be obtained using the specified procedure, namely, surface and bulk sulfonated. The synthesis of PANI in the obtained films was conducted by the oxidative polymerization of aniline. It is shown that the synthesis of PANI in most composite films has an autocatalytic character similar to the synthesis in the medium of polymeric acids. The studies of these PANI-containing films by FTIR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy and measurements of their surface conductivity show that only the layers formed on the bulk sulfonated films to the full extent possess the properties inherent to PANI. The minimum of the achieved values of sheet resistance (17 MΩ/sq) gives evidence of the possibilities of this method for the formation of film materials containing PANI in the surface layers.

Polymer-colloid complexes of polystyrenesulfonate and sodium polyacrylate with dimethyl-alkyl(С8-16)benzylammonium chlorides and polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride with sodium dodecyl sulfate and laurate having similar structures of ion pairs macromolecular ion–counterion are synthesized. The composition of the resulting complexes is analyzed. Their antimicrobial properties are investigated. It is shown that the complexes in which quaternary ammonium groups serve as counterions and are bound to macromolecular chains via electrostatic interaction possess a higher antifungal activity than the complexes in which these groups are bound to macromolecular chains via covalent bonds. An important role of molecules of the ammonium compound containing a long-chain alkyl substituent which are involved in the form of associates in the composition of the complex in the antifungal activity of the complexes is demonstrated. A comparative analysis of the properties of film coatings based on the synthesized complexes is performed.

The influence of the ratio of components in polyaniline (PANI) complexes with poly(sulfonic acid) on the viscosity of their aqueous solutions and electric conductivity of layers formed thereof. The optical properties and morphology of PANI complex layers formed by ink-jet printing have been studied. The optimum ratio of components to be used in anodic buffer layers for organic solar cells is determined.

AbstractThe influence of the ratio of components in polyaniline (PANI) complexes with poly(sulfonic acid) on the viscosity of their aqueous solutions and electric conductivity of layers formed thereof. The optical properties and morphology of PANI complex layers formed by ink-jet printing have been studied. The optimum ratio of components to be used in anodic buffer layers for organic solar cells is determined.

Conditions that allow obtaining stable aqueous dispersions based on conducting polymer, polyaniline, as a result of aniline polymerization in the solution of polymeric acid at its twofold excess were determined. The electrical and optical properties of polianiline obtained under these conditions remain invariable during at least 2 years due to the absence of aggregation of conducting polymer particles that are separated by macromolecules of polymeric acid. Data obtained by EPR spectroscopy, SEM, UV–visible spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy prove these results.

The present paper is devoted to the properties of sulfonated cation-exchange membranes obtained by radiation chemical grafting polymerization of styrene with divinylbenzene on a polyethylene film. The mechanical and transport properties (conductivity, diffusion permeability, and transport numbers) of the membranes obtained with various amounts of a cross-linking agent (0–3.5%) and degrees of polystyrene grafting (23–32%) were investigated in comparison with commercially available membranes, i.e. Nafion® 117 and Neosepta® CMX. Tensile strength values around 15–20MPa were obtained, and they increased with increasing cross-linker amounts. The conductivity of membranes containing no cross-linking agent reached 8.4·10−2Ω−1cm−1 at 25°C and high relative humidity. As the amount of the cross-linking agent increased, the water uptake in membranes and their conductivity at high relative humidity decreased, whereas the activation energy of conductivity increased. At low humidity (RH=30%), the water uptake and conductivity increased with increasing amounts of the cross-linking agent. The membranes based on cross-linked polystyrene had low diffusion permeability, while the associated cation transport numbers were higher than those with commercial Nafion® 117 membrane. The calculated theoretical power of reverse electrodialysis batteries based on the best membranes was 10% higher than that of the battery based on the Neosepta® CMX membrane.

Chemical polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene is carried out in the presence of polymeric sulfonic acids of different structures, such as flexible-chain polyacids with a uniform distribution of sulfonic acid groups along the macromolecular chain, namely, polystyrene sulfonic (PSSA) and poly-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic (PAMPSA) acids, and rigid-chain polysulfonic acid with a nonuniform distribution of sulfonic acid groups along the macromolecular chain—namely, poly- p , p ′-(2,2′-disulfonic acid)-diphenylene terephthalamide. The polymerization process and the properties of solutions and films of the synthesized complexes of poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) with the above polyacids are studied by the UV, visible, and near-IR spectroscopy. The electric properties of the films are investigated. The effects of the concentration ratio between the oxidizer and monomer and of the structure of polymeric acid on the kinetics of the PEDOT synthesis, as well as on the spectral and electric properties of the obtained polymer, are revealed. A correlation between the absorption of the PEDOT/PSSA complexes in the near-IR range and their specific conductivity is established.

Химическую полимеризацию 3,4-этилендиокситиофена проводили в присутствии полимерных сульфокислот различного строения: гибкоцепных поликислот с равномерным распределением сульфокислотных групп вдоль цепи макромолекулы – полистиролсульфоновой (ПССК) и поли-(2-акриламидо-2-метил-1-пропансульфоновой) (ПАМПСК) кислот, а также жесткоцепной полисульфокислоты с неравномерным распределением сульфокислотных групп вдоль цепи макромолекулы – поли-4,4-(2,2-дисульфокислота)дифенилентерефталамида. Ход полимеризации, свойства растворов и пленок синтезированных комплексов поли-3,4-этилендиокситиофена (ПЭДОТ) с вышеуказанными поликислотами были исследованы методом спектроскопии в УФ-, видимой и ближней ИК областях. Изучены электрические свойства этих пленок. Обнаружено влияние соотношений концентраций окислителя и мономера и структуры полимерной кислоты на кинетику синтеза ПЭДОТ, спектральные и электрические свойства получаемого полимера. Показана корреляция между поглощением комплексов ПЭДОТ/ПССК в ближней ИК области и их удельной проводимостью.

Изучена сополимеризация nара-стиролсульфоната натрия со стиролом в растворителях, образующих гомогенные растворы со смесями этих мономеров и различающихся полярностью: ДМФА, смесь 1,4-диоксана с ДМФА, ДМСО и смесь ДМСО–вода. Показано, что диаграммы состава сополимера зависят от природы растворителя и их вид не описывается моделью Майо–Льюиса. Наблюдалось обогащение сополимера звеньями стирола при возрастании полярности растворителя. Основной причиной отклонения от классической схемы бинарной сополимеризации является избирательная сольватация растущих макрорадикалов стиролом, причем этот эффект усиливается при увеличении полярности растворителя и ухудшении его растворяющей способности по отношению к полистиролу, а также при выделении полимера в гетерофазу. Этот вывод подтвержден зависимостью состава сополимера от концентрации инициатора.

The template polymerization of aniline in the presence of polymeric sulfonic acids of various structures and their mixtures is studied. In the latter case, the dominant effect of a polyacid on the kinetics of aniline polymerization and the electronic structure of the resulting polyaniline complex is observed. As shown by viscometry measurements and IR studies, the intermolecular interaction between polyacids in their mixtures that leads to a change in the conformation of a flexible-chain polyacid is responsible for the dominant effect of a rigid-chain polyacid. The spectral and electrical properties of polyaniline-based interpolymer complexes are examined.

Bulk and surface modified polyamide microfiltration membranes have been investigated. Silver compounds and compounds containing quaternary ammonium groups were used as bactericidal agents. Surface modification with silver compounds and polyhexamethylene guanidine allow for production of membranes with bacteriostatic properties.

The matrix polymerization of aniline in the presence of mixtures of rigid-chain and flexible-chain polymer sulfoacids was investigated in the work. The optical, electric, and spectroelectrochemical properties of the forming interpolymer complexes of polyaniline, as well as their morphology, were studied. The dominating influence of rigid-chain polyacid on the process of formation of the interpolymer complexes of polyaniline even in the case of application of the mixture with the prevailing content of the flexible-chain polyacid was detected. The nonadditive dependence character of the viscosity of the mixtures of polyacid solutions, the duration of the induction period of aniline polymerization, and the optical absorbance and conductivity of the obtained complexes of polyaniline relative to polyacid ratios in the mixture was shown. The presence of the intermolecular interaction in the mixtures of polymer sulfoacids was shown via viscometry method, which may be the reason for the nonadditivity of the observed phenomena.

Chemical matrix polymerization of aniline was performed in the presence of polyacids with various macromolecule chain flexibility. Aniline polymerization in the presence of flexible chain polyacids leads to the formation of interpolymer complexes of polyaniline (PANI) of double-stranded structure with a high content of localized polarons and, in the presence of rigid chain polyacids, it leads to the formation of complexes with comblike structures with a high content of delocalized polarons. During the synthesis of PANI at a reduced temperature, the induction period increases and the films of the obtained complexes have high conductivity than in the case of synthesis at room temperature. Electrical and spectral properties and surface morphology of the PANI interpolymer complexes were investigated.