Infantile haemangioma (IH), the most prevalent vascular tumour in infants, requires early intervention because of the potential complications in critical areas such as the head and face. Current treatments, including topical timolol maleate (TIM), face challenges such as poor compliance, low drug utilisation, and lengthy treatment durations. In this study, we developed a hydrogel microneedle (MN) using photocurable bovine serum albumin methacryloyl (BSAMA) as a carrier for TIM. Our results showed the controlled release of TIM from BSAMA-TIM MNs, with approximately 69 % release ratio within 72 h. In-vivo studies on nude mice demonstrated that BSAMA-TIM-MNs inhibited the growth of haemangioma xenografts. Our TIM-delivering MNs exhibited high therapeutic efficacy, minimal cytotoxicity, and reduced dosing frequency. In conclusion, BSAMA-TIM MNs provide a promising strategy for treating IH.

BACKGROUND:The optimal single i.v. bolus dose of remimazolam for induction of general anaesthesia in children is not defined. We aimed to determine the 50% (ED50) and 95% (ED95) effective doses of remimazolam for inducing loss of consciousness in children. METHODS:A total of 120 children, aged 1-12 yr, were divided into three groups, with 40 children in each group: toddler (1 to <3 yr), preschool (≥3 to <6 yr), and school-age group (≥6 to <12 yr). Each child received a single i.v. bolus of remimazolam, with doses determined using a biased coin design up-and-down method. The primary outcome was the ED50 and ED95 of remimazolam for inducing loss of consciousness. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of hypotension, respiratory depression, and adverse events. RESULTS:The ED50 and ED95 of remimazolam were 0.42 mg kg-1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37-0.44) and 0.57 mg kg-1 (95% CI 0.48-0.59), respectively, in the toddler group; 0.41 mg kg-1 (95% CI 0.35-0.47) and 0.57 mg kg-1 (95% CI 0.50-0.59), respectively, in the preschool group; and 0.30 mg kg-1 (95% CI 0.28-0.34) and 0.43 mg kg-1 (95% CI 0.37-0.44), respectively, in the school-age group. No significant cases of hypotension, respiratory depression, bradycardia, or other adverse events occurred in any of the three groups. CONCLUSIONS:A single i.v. bolus of remimazolam at estimated doses of 0.45-0.60 mg kg-1 for children aged 1-6 yr and 0.35-0.45 mg kg-1 for those aged 6-12 yr effectively induces loss of consciousness in children. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06061159).

BackgroundEpididymal cysts (ECs) are uncommon in the pediatric population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency, clinical characteristics, and management strategies of ECs in children.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of pediatric scrotal ultrasounds between January 2014 and August 2022 to identify children with ECs.ResultsOne hundred and forty-three children boys were found to have ECs, with 95 being pre-pubertal and 48 post-pubertal. The age of the patients ranged from 1 day to 18 years, with a mean age of 10.64 ± 4.55 years. The size of the cysts varied from 2 mm to 35 mm. The most common comorbidities observed were hydrocele, testicular microlithiasis and varicocele. The majority of ECs were detected through routine physical examination. Conservative management was employed for all patients, except for one who required surgical excision. Resolution of ECs occurred in 12 patients, while a reduction in cyst size was observed in 6 cases. Conversely, 2 patients experienced an increase in cyst size, and 6 patients exhibited an increase in cyst number during the follow-up period.ConclusionConservative management is the preferred approach for the majority of cases, with surgical intervention reserved for specific instances.

BackgroundChildren with foreign bodies (FBs) in the lower urinary tract have rarely been reported, and their management remains challenging. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and treatment of FBs in children's lower urinary tract.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on lower urinary tract FBs that were removed in our hospital from August 2017 to August 2022, including demographics, location, symptoms, imaging examinations, and treatment.ResultsFour male patients were enrolled, whose ages ranged from 9 to 13 years, with a mean age of 11 years. The course of the disease ranged from 3 h to 2 weeks. Their imaging characteristics were reviewed and analyzed, and two FBs were located in the bladder and two in the urethra. Mosquito forceps were used to remove an acne needle through the urethra in one case. Cystoscopy was first attempted in three cases, in only one of which was the FB removed successfully under endoscopic minimally invasive surgery. In the remaining two cases, removal via transurethral cystoscopy failed, whereby leading to cystotomy being performed. The FBs comprise a skipping rope, hairpin, magnetic bead, and acne needle. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, and no complications occurred during the follow-up period of 3 to 6 months.ConclusionIt is rare for children to have FBs in the lower urinary tract. An early diagnosis, as well as appropriate management of lower urinary tract FBs, can significantly reduce complications. Surgical removal of lower urinary tract FBs can be safe and effective, and relatively better outcomes can be achieved.

ObjectivesTesticular tumors in the intra-abdominal undescended testis are rare in children, and their management remains challenging. The aim was to present a case report and review of the literature about diagnosis and treatment of testicular tumors arising from undescended intra-abdominal testis in children. MethodsIn this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of a 1-year-old male patient admitted to pediatric surgery in March 2022 with a testicular tumor originating in the intra-abdominal undescended testis. Furthermore, medical literature published in English during the last three decades was systematically searched through the databases of Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar. ResultsThe patient underwent laparoscopic orchiopexy and tumor excision. The operation was uneventful, and the patient recovered well without complications. An 8-month follow-up showed no recurrence of the teratoma after postoperative pathology. The literature search resulted in the retrieval of 16 non-duplicate articles, and 16 patients were included in this review. The cases included six cases of left cryptorchidism and 10 cases of right cryptorchidism, with an average age of 15.3 months. The largest transverse diameter of the tumors ranged from 1.8 to 12.5 cm, with an average tumor length of 6.7 cm. All patients underwent surgical treatment, including three cases of laparoscopic orchiectomy, a sole case of a conversion of inguinal incision to laparotomy and orchiectomy, and 12 cases of laparotomy and orchiectomy. Postoperative pathology revealed 12 cases of mature teratoma, two cases of immature teratoma, one case of yolk sac tumor, and a single case of embryonic carcinoma combined with yolk sac tumor. 11 patients were followed up, and one of them recurred. ConclusionAbdominal ultrasound (US) or abdominal computer tomography (CT) should be performed in cases of undescended testis suspected to have testicular tumors on clinical findings. The most common type of intra-abdominal testicular tumor is mature teratomas. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention resulted in an excellent outcome.

Gastric cancer (GC) is highly heterogeneous and GC patients have low overall survival rates. It is also challenging to predict the prognosis of GC patients. This is partly because little is known about the prognosis-related metabolic pathways in this disease. Hence, our objective was to identify GC subtypes and genes related to prognosis, based on changes in the activity of core metabolic pathways in GC tumor samples. Differences in the activity of metabolic pathways in GC patients were analyzed using Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA), leading to the identification of three clinical subtypes by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). Based on our analysis, subtype 1 showed the best prognosis while subtype 3 exhibited the worst prognosis. Interestingly, we observed marked differences in gene expression between the three subtypes, through which we identified a new evolutionary driver gene, CNBD1. Furthermore, we used 11 metabolism-associated genes identified by LASSO and random forest algorithms to construct a prognostic model and verified our results using qRT-PCR (five matched clinical tissues of GC patients). This model was found to be both effective and robust in the GSE84437 and GSE26253 cohorts, and the results from multivariate Cox regression analyses confirmed that the 11-gene signature was an independent prognostic predictor (p < 0.0001, HR = 2.8, 95% CI 2.1–3.7). The signature was found to be relevant to the infiltration of tumor-associated immune cells. In conclusion, our work identified significant GC prognosis-related metabolic pathways in different GC subtypes and provided new insights into GC-subtype prognostic assessment.

BACKGROUND:Liver cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, but early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer remains a clinical challenge. How to screen and diagnose liver cancer early and prolong the survival rate is still the focus of researchers.METHODS:Cell experiments were used to detect the effect of WZ35 on the colony formation ability and proliferation activity of hepatoma cells, nude mouse experiment to observe the in vivo anticancer activity and toxic side effects of WZ35; metabolomics analysis, glucose metabolism experiment and Seahorse analysis of liver cancer cells treated with WZ35; cell experiments combined with bioinformatics analysis to explore the mechanism of WZ35-mediated metabolic reprogramming to exert anticancer activity; tissue microarray and case analysis to evaluate the clinical significance of biomarkers for early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of liver cancer.RESULTS:WZ35 inhibited the proliferation activity of various cell lines of liver cancer, and showed good therapeutic effect in nude mice model of hepatocellular carcinoma without obvious toxic and side effects; WZ35 inhibited the absorption of glucose in hepatoma cells, and the drug effect glycolysis, phosphorylation and purine metabolism are relatively seriously damaged; WZ35 mainly inhibits YAP from entering the nucleus as a transcription factor activator by activating oxidative stress in liver cancer cells, reducing the transcription of GLUT1, and finally reducing its GLUT1. Tissue microarray and case analysis showed that GLUT1 and YAP were highly expressed and correlated in liver cancer patients, and were associated with poor patient prognosis. The GLUT1-YAP risk model had a high score in predicting prognosis.CONCLUSION:The study confirms that WZ35 is a small molecule glycolysis inhibitor, and through its properties, it mediates metabolic reprogramming dominated by impaired glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and purine metabolism to inhibit the proliferation activity of liver cancer cells. Our findings present novel insights into the pathology of liver cancer and potential targets for new therapeutic strategies. GLUT1-YAP has important reference significance for predicting the stages of disease progression in liver cancer patients and have the potential to serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.

Background: To determine risk factors for intestinal necrosis in intussusception cases among children with failed non-surgical reduction for intussusception.Methods: Totally, 540 hospitalized individuals with unsuccessful air-enema reduction in our hospital between November 2010 and November 2020 were assessed in this retrospective study. The 540 intussusception cases were divided into the intestinal necrosis and non-intestinal necrosis groups. Haemostatic parameters, demographic and clinical features were assessed. Predictors of intestinal necrosis were examined by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.Results: Of the 540 patients included, 113 showed intestinal necrosis. This intestinal necrosis group had a longer duration of symptom or length of illness, younger ages, higher platelet counts, fibrinogen amounts and D-dimer levels (all P = 0.000) compared with the nonintestinal necrosis group. Multivariable analysis revealed that duration of symptom (odds ratio (OR) 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-1.23, P = 0.000), fibrinogen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.10-1.31, P = 0.010) and D-dimer (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.91-2.28, P = 0.000) independently predicted intestinal necrosis in individuals undergoing surgical reduction for intussusception. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that D-dimer amounts had the largest area under the curve for predicting intestinal necrosis.Conclusion: On admission, long duration of symptom, high fibrinogen and D-dimer levels are critical risk factors for intestinal necrosis development in children with unsuccessful non-surgical reduction. D-Dimer levels have the best predictive value for intestinal necrosis.

Abstract Background: The significant changes in a series of biochemical activities during the process of tumorigenesis and development, including those in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism can contribute to the ability of the cancer cells to proliferate indefinitely. WZ35 is a new small molecule YAP inhibitor, which can mediate YAP activity to inhibit the growth of gastric cancer, breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this article, we explored how WZ35 can modulate YAP activity to influence the metabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to inhibit their proliferation activity. Methods: The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and preclinical mouse model was utilized to detect the differential expression and vital role of YAP in HCC cells. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to explore the antitumor activity of WZ35 and how it can target YAP activity to inhibit the tumor progression. UCSC combined JASPAR public databases were used to predicted possible binding sites of TEAD on GLUT1 promoter. Additionally, seahorse energy metabolism experiments and metabolomics analysis were utilized to explore the possible metabolic changes induced by WZ35. The clinical use of YAP and GLUT1 was verified by bioformatics and tissue microarrays of immunocytochemistry. Results: WZ35 can significantly attenuate the proliferation and growth of HCC. In terms of mechanism(s), it was demonstrated that the suppressive effects of WZ35 on YAP were achieved by promoting ROS production and the drug can exert its significant YAP inhibitory capacity to decrease the level of GLUT1, a glucose transporter located on the surface of cytomembrane, thereby resulting in a significant decrease in the ability of cells to take up glucose and thus perturb the metabolism. Moreover, through bioinformatics mining, it was proposed that YAP/GLUT1 has the potential to serve as promising target for HCC therapy. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that potential inhibitory effects of WZ35 were achieved by affecting the ROS-YAP-GLUT1 signal axis to induce the metabolic reprogramming of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. YAP/GLUT1 could serve as an important molecular target for both the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

OBJECTIVE:Foreign body (FB) ingestion is increasingly common in children, and ingestion of multiple magnetic FBs can cause serious injuries. This study aimed to identify the clinical features and management options of such cases.METHODS:A retrospective review was conducted of 35 pediatric patients diagnosed as having ingested multiple magnetic FBs.RESULTS:The main clinical manifestations were abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever. Of the 35 patients, 6 (17.1%) were conservatively treated and the remaining 29 (82.9%) were surgically treated. Of those who were surgically treated, 26 underwent exploratory laparotomy and 3 underwent laparoscopic surgery that was switched to open surgery. Intestinal structure and function were restored without complications in patients who underwent successful perforation repair following removal of multiple magnetic FBs.CONCLUSIONS:Ingestion of multiple magnetic FBs can lead to intestinal perforations, bowel strangulation, and necrosis. Accordingly, timely diagnosis and effective management of multiple magnetic FB ingestions in pediatric patients are of paramount importance to reduce further complications.

The aim of this study was to investigate the function of the contralateral testis after unilateral testicular torsion (UTT) and its possible mechanism. 56 rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A: Sham operation, Group B: Testicular torsion (TT)+normal saline (NS), Group C: Testicular torsion (TT)+cyclosporine, Group D: Testicular torsion (TT)+NG-Monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA). The right testes were removed 1 week and 8 weeks after surgery, respectively. Biochemistry and histopathologic evaluations were used to evaluate the germ cell damage. Compared with Group A, the levels of malondialchehyche (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO)/nitricoxide synthase (NOS) were increased remarkably in Group B. Significant differences were shown between histopathological damages and density and motility of sperm in two groups. Compared with Group B, the levels of MDA and NO/NOS in Group D decreased significantly while mean seminiferous tubule diameter (MSTD) and mean testicular biopsy scoring (MTBS) maintained in a better condition. The levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) peptide-tetramer complex in Group C and Group D decreased significantly than Group B, while sperm density and motility were significantly higher than Group B. It was also known that the histopathological damages in Group C and Group D were less than those in Group B in the 8 weeks after operation. UTT can cause impairment of contralateral testicular function and decrease of spermatogenic function. The mechanism may be related to ischemia–reperfusion (IR) in early stage and autoimmune response in late stage.

Purpose Congenital pyriform sinus fistula (CPSF) often presents diagnosis and treatment challenges. This study aimed to explore the treatment principles and to evaluate the effectiveness of the hypothermia plasma cauterization with suspension laryngoscopy for CPSF. Methods The medical records of 56 patients with CPSF from January 2000 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Of the 56 cases, the lesions were predominantly located on the left side (95%), and the accuracy of the first diagnosis was 30%. Ultrasound showed an abnormal rate of 86%, while CT or MRI displayed an abnormal anatomic lesion of 92%. The 3D visual reconstruction enabled the analysis of morphological characteristics of CPSF. The positive predictive value of barium esophagography was 89%, whereas the positive rate of the internal opening in CPSF under local anesthesia laryngoscopy was 33%. Nine cases of sinus type underwent open resection, and the recurrence rate was 33%. Interestingly, ten patients with sinus type underwent hypothermia plasma cauterization with suspension laryngoscopy, leading to a success rate of 100% without apparent complications. Conclusions Hypothermia plasma cauterization with suspension laryngoscopy alongside 3D imaging is both minimally invasive and repeatable with neglectable complications, which has the potential to serve as the first-line treatment for CPSF in the future.

Long noncoding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) has been recently found to function as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms of CCAT2 in HCC development remain to be further explored. In the present study, we found that CCAT2 was abnormally upregulated in HCC cells and tissue specimens, exhibiting an inverse correlation with microRNA (miR)-145 expression. Mechanistic investigation showed that CCAT2 selectively blocked miR-145 processing, leading to decreased mature miR-145 presence. Both the in vitro and in vivo effects of CCAT2 knockdown on the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells were reversed by miR-145 inhibitor, indicating that miR-145 modulation accounts for CCAT2-meditated HCC progression. Furthermore, miR-145 mimic dramatically suppressed HCC cells' proliferation and metastasis, revealing a tumor suppressor role of miR-145 in HCC. Mechanistically, MDM2 was predicted to be a potential target of miR-145. The luciferase and western blot assay demonstrated that miR-145 mimic largely inhibited MDM2 3 '-untranslated region luciferase activity and MDM2 expression, followed by the upregulation of p53/p21 expression. Finally, the coexpression of MDM2 in miR-145 mimic-transfected HCC cells was able to largely compromise the inhibitory effects of miR-145 mimic on HCC cells' proliferation and metastasis in vitro and tumor formation in a xenograft model, confirming MDM2 is the critical mediator of miR-145 in HCC. In summary, our findings indicated that CCAT2 selectively blocks the miR-145 maturation process and plays an oncogene in HCC. Furthermore, a novel CCAT2/miR-145/MDM2 axis was revealed in HCC development and might provide a new target in the molecular treatment of HCC.

Objective:Researches have demonstrated that physiological concentrated of sodium butyrate plays an important role in promoting intestinal barrier function while an excessive level of sodium butyrate is correlated with the occurrence of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). However, the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Here the authors explored the effect of high-concentration sodium butyrate on monolayer Caco-2 cell model of intestinal barrier and examine the effect of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway on this process for elucidating the possible molecular mechanisms of high-concentration sodium butyrate impairing intestinal epithelial barriers.Methods:Different concentrations of sodium butyrate and triptolide (NF-κB specific inhibitor, 50 nmol/L) were employed for Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal barrier and Caco-2 cell in vitro. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and the permeability of inulin-FITC were measured. The mRNA and protein levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α ) were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Nuclear and cytosolic extracts of Caco-2 cells were isolated for analyzing the nuclear translocation of p65 by immunoblot.Results:After 72h incubation of high-concentration sodium butyrate (5/8 mmol/L), TERs declined while inulin-FITC permeability increased significantly as compared with control group. TER of 5 mmol/L sodium butyrate declined to (106.33±4.04 Ω×cm 2) and the permeability of inulin-FITC spiked to (12.52%±1.82%). Both were significantly different with control group. After inhibiting NF-κB with 50 nmol/L triptolide, TER increased to (398.33±3.06 Ω×cm 2) and the permeability of inulin-FITC declined to (7.24%±0.25%). And both were significantly different from high-concentration sodium butyrate (5 mmol/L) group. As compared with control group, after treating with high-concentration sodium butyrate (5/8 mmol/L), mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β and TNF-α and the level of nucleus p65 also significantly increased. Compared with 5 mmol/L sodium butyrate, triptolid, a NF-κB specific inhibitor, could significantly inhibit the nuclear entry of p65 and down-regulate the expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α . Conclusions:High-concentration sodium butyrate impairs intestinal barrier function and an activation of NF-κB pathway releases various inflammatory factors.

To investigate the anti-tumor activities of WZ35 and its possible molecular mechanism, bioinformatics analysis and the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were applied to evaluate the Yes-associated-protein (YAP) level in gastric cancer. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to examine cell viability. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry analysis. Seahorse bioenergetics analyzer was used to investigate the alteration of oxygen consumption and aerobic glycolysis rate. SiRNA transfection was applied to silence endogenous YAP. Western blot was performed to detect indicated proteins. We found that treatment of gastric cancer cells with WZ35 exerted stronger anti-tumor activities than curcumin. Mechanistically, our research showed that WZ35 inhibited glycolysis, and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, resulting in Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) activation through downregulation of YAP in gastric cancer cells. ROS mediated YAP downregulation and JNK activation was regulated by glycolysis. Abrogation of ROS production markedly attenuated WZ35 induced anti-tumor activities as well as YAP downregulation and JNK activation. Similarly, the JNK inhibitor significantly reversed WZ35 induced anti-tumor activities in gastric cancer cells. Our study reveals a novel anti-gastric cancer mechanism of WZ35 by inhibiting glycolysis through the ROS-YAP-JNK pathway. WZ35 might be a potential therapeutics for the treatment of gastric cancer.

Aim Foreign body (FB) injuries represent a severe public health problem during childhood. The aim of this study was to report our experience with patients with injuries due to FB ingestion and insertion who were treated surgically at our institution. Methods A total of 78 paediatric patients who were hospitalised for FB injuries were retrospectively reviewed. Results The series was composed of 27 males and 51 females, with a median age of 3.6 years. The cases included 35 cases of FB ingestion and 43 cases of FB insertion, including 40 cases with a vaginal insertion, 2 cases with a rectal insertion and 1 case with a urethra insertion. Intestinal perforation ( n = 26) was a more common complication than intestinal obstruction ( n = 9) in patients who had ingested a FB. The main clinical symptom was persistent vaginal discharge, followed by vaginal bleeding for patients with a vaginal FB insertion. Exploratory laparotomy was performed on 36 patients, while a laparoscopic approach was employed in 1 patient. Forty patients underwent hysteroscopy and one patient underwent cystotomy to remove the FB. All FBs were successfully removed. Of the 78 FBs recovered, 26 were food objects, while non‐food objects were found in 52 patients. All patients recovered well, except one patient with an intestinal obstruction from adhesions that occurred approximately 1 month after discharge. Conclusions Early recognition of FB injuries and appropriate management can significantly reduce complications. Surgical removal of a FB can be safe and effective, and relatively better outcomes can be achieved.

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide. Chemotherapy is an important treatment. However, traditional chemotherapy drugs have low bioavailability and targeting ability. Therefore, we developed curcumin-encapsulated micelles for the treatment of gastric cancer and investigated their antitumor efficacy and active mechanism. Gastric cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of curcumin micelles. MTS cell proliferation assays, flow cytometry (FCM), real time cellular analysis (RTCA) and nude mice xenografts were used to evaluate the effects of curcumin micelles on gastric cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting was performed to analyze the protein levels of the indicated molecules. A Seahorse bioenergetics analyzer was used to investigate alterations in oxygen consumption and the aerobic glycolysis rate. Curcumin micelles significantly inhibited proliferation and colony formation and induced apoptosis in gastric tumor cells compared to the control groups. We further investigated the mechanism of curcumin micelles on gastric tumor cells and demonstrated that curcumin micelles acted on mitochondrial proteins, causing changes in mitochondrial function and affecting mitochondrial bioenergetics. Furthermore, curcumin micelles decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and disrupted redox equilibrium. The nude mouse model verified that curcumin micelle treatment significantly attenuated tumor growth in vivo. Curcumin micelles suppress gastric tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism may be related to increasing ROS generation, disrupting redox equilibrium and affecting mitochondrial bioenergetics.

1Department of Laboratory Animal Centre, Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Lishui City People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. It is the fourth most common cancer and has the second highest mortality rate globally. Metastasis is an important feature of gastric cancer and is the most common cause of death. Exploring the mechanism underlying the metastasis of gastric cancer and searching for new drug targets has become the focus of several studies. Traditional Chinese medicine may show promise for treatment of gastric cancer. In this review, we report the recent progress in research on the anti-metastasis activity of Chinese medicine, to facilitate clinical development of treatments for gastric cancer.