Presented are results of calibration, with a quasi-monochromatic electron beam, of a total absorption Cherenkov spectrometer based on the 14.8 X0 lead glass TF-1. It was found that the energy resolution of the spectrometer was 89% to 10% in the energy range of the electron beam E = 6 to 285 MeV, respectively.

The time characteristics of the scintillation plate that is an element of the neutron detector designed for measuring the energy of a neutron by its time of flight and determining the coordinate of the point of its interaction with the detector have been investigated on cosmic rays. The time resolutions of the neutron detector element measured with P9814B and FEU-63 photomultiplier tubes are σ ≈ 0.14 and 0.29 ns, respectively.

The time characteristics of a prototype neutron detector designed for measuring the time of flight and determining the coordinate of the interaction point of a high-energy neutron on the detector have been investigated on cosmic rays. The time resolutions of the prototype neutron detector and the monitoring system are σ ≈ 0.7 and 0.2 ns, respectively.

The scattering of electrons by aluminum, copper, and lead foils, as well as by bimetallic aluminum-lead and aluminum-copper foils, has been studied experimentally. A microtron with an energy of particles of 7.4 MeV has been used as a source of electrons. The beam of particles incident on a target at small angles is split into particles reflected from the foil, which constitute a reflected beam, and particles crossing the foil, which constitute a refracted beam. The effect of the material and thickness of the foil, as well as the angle between the initial trajectory of the beam and the plane of the target, on the direction of motion and the angular divergence of the beam crossing the foil and the beam reflected from the foil has been analyzed. Furthermore, the effect of the sequence of metal layers in bimetallic films on the angles of refraction and reflection of the beam has been examined.

Angles of refraction θ d of electron beams passing through thin planar bimetallic foils and the angles of reflection φ r of the beams reflected by these foils have been measured. The experiments were performed with a microtron with a particle energy of 7.4 MeV as the source of electrons and aluminum-lead and aluminum-copper foils. The thicknesses of aluminum, lead, and copper layers were 54 mg/cm2 (200 μm), 44 mg/cm2 (50 μm), and 79 mg/cm2 (70 μm), respectively. The particles were injected at the angles α = 5°−30° to the foil surface. The measurements were performed at various orientations of a bimetal with respect to the trajectory of the beam. In the first case, the particles moving through the foil first crossed the aluminum layer and then the layer of a higher density metal (copper or lead). In the opposite case, the particles were injected into the copper or lead layer and then crossed the aluminum layer. It has been found that changing the order of the metallic layers to the opposite one considerably affects the angles of reflection and refraction at some angles of incidence. Similar measurements have been carried out for electrons incident on scatterers made of homogeneous metals (aluminum, copper, and lead). Comparison with the experiments with bimetallic foils allows estimating the contribution of each layer to refraction and reflection of the injected beam.

The processes of scattering of protons and relativistic electrons incident on a planar target at a small angle to its surface have been simulated by the Monte Carlo method. The spatial and energy distributions of the beams of particles both passed through the target and reflected from it have been calculated. The dependence of the characteristics of beams on the initial energy and direction of injection of particles, as well as on the material and thickness of the target, has been considered. The transmission, reflection, and absorption coefficients for electrons in the target have been calculated. The initial energy in the calculations is varied in the range of 7–100 MeV and the angle between the trajectory of particles and the surface of the target is in the range of 1°–45°. The thickness of the target varies from 0.2 to 3 mm. Aluminum, iron, and copper targets have been considered. It has been shown that the intersection of targets at small angles not only increases the transverse dimensions of a beam, but also changes the direction of its motion. The results of the reported calculations of the scattering of relativistic electrons intersecting a foil at small angles to its surface are in qualitative agreement with experimental data.

Angular distributions of electrons intersecting 40- and 120-μm aluminum foils and a 60-μm copper foil have been measured. Electrons have been injected from a microtron with a particle energy of 7.4 MeV. The effect of the material and thickness of a foil, as well as of the direction of injection, on the spatial distribution of passed particles has been analyzed. The measurements have shown that the intersection of the foil at small angles to its surface not only increases the transverse dimensions of the beam but also changes the direction of its motion.

The spatial field distribution is determined for the transition radiation emitted by a relativistic particle moving along the axis of a perfectly conducting circular conical surface with a fixed apex. Emission from particles moving away from and towards the apex is examined. Expressions are obtained that can be used to calculate the angular distribution of radiation intensity for various apex angles between 0 and π. Significant differences are demonstrated between the spatial distributions of radiation generated by outgoing and incoming particles.

The spatial field distribution is determined for the transition radiation generated by a particle passing through the apex of a cone along its axis. Expressions for the angular distribution of the radiation intensity are obtained for apex angles between 0 and π. Characteristics of transition radiation emitted into a “funnel” and a dihedral angle are compared.