Confident effect of five magnetic composite nanoparticles (FeP@Ag, FeP@Pd, CoP, NiP, Fe2O3@AГ) on growth of test bacteria colonies (Acinetobacter baumannii, Еscherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) in five replicates each is considered. Reliable inhibitors of colonies of all five test bacteria were nanoparticles FeP@Ag. CoP nanoparticles are reliable inhibitors of growth of 4 test bacteria (except for test bacteria Escherichia сoli). NiP nanoparticles are reliable inhibitors of growth of 2 test bacteria: Escherichia сoli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bacteria Escherichia сoli were most sensitive to the effect of magnetic nanoparticles; and bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were most resistant to the effect of magnetic nanoparticles. The prospects of the method are in the possibility of multiple reuse of the magnetic particles with antimicrobial properties for bacterial decontamination of the studied sources of water and removal of magnetic nanoparticles from the treated liquids by electromagnet. The method can find use in water treatment facilities for household, Industrial and medical wastes.

Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a widespread biomedical agent, on spectral-luminescent characteristics of coelenteramide-containing fluorescent protein – discharged obelin – is investigated. Contributions of violet and blue-green spectral components to fluorescence of discharged obelin are elucidated and characterized at different photoexcitation energies. Dependences of these contributions on the DMSO concentration are presented. Spectral changes are related to the destructive effect of DMSO on fluorescent protein and decreasing efficiency of proton transfer to electronically excited states of fluorophore.

The impact assessment results of the processed by different methods wheat straw on the microorganism test groups in the soil-like substrate for the higher plant cultivation are presented. The trustworthy change in soil-like substrate of all microorganism group number in a variety of experiments is determined.

The study addresses the possibility of long-duration operation of a higher plant conveyor, using a soil-like substrate (SLS) as the root zone. Chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were used as study material. A chufa community consisting of 4 age groups and radish and lettuce communities consisting of 2 age groups were irrigated with a nutrient solution, which contained mineral elements extracted from the SLS. After each harvest, inedible biomass of the harvested plants and inedible biomasses of wheat and saltwort were added to the SLS. The amounts of the inedible biomasses of wheat and saltwort to be added to the SLS were determined based on the nitrogen content of the edible mass of harvested plants. CO2 concentration in the growth chamber was maintained within the range of 1100–1700ppm. The results of the study show that higher plants can be grown quite successfully using the proposed process of plant waste utilization in the SLS. The addition of chufa inedible biomass to the SLS resulted in species-specific inhibition of growth of both cultivated crops and microorganisms in the “higher plants – SLS” system. There were certain differences between the amounts of some mineral elements removed from the SLS with the harvested edible biomass and those added to it with the inedible biomasses of wheat and saltwort.

The purpose of this article is to estimate the effect of the possible sources for atmosphere pollution in the closed ecosystem (CES) on growth of the test-microorganisms that are sensitive to various volatile substances. It is determined that ozone and ethylene affected the plant and microorganism growth to a greater extent than other studied sources for atmosphere pollution. Effect of the individual sources of pollution on the microbe growth was 3-5 times less in force and in action spectrum than in the experiments with the closed system that included a man and higher plants. Not only one but the complex of factors had the affect in the closed system with the crew and plants.

We have studied the effect of increasing concentrations of human native urine, NaCl, urea and NH4Cl on the batch culture of Chorella vulgaris. It was found that the concentration threshold for the culture growth were addition of 50 ml/l of urine, 30 g/l of NaCl, 800 mg/l of urea, and 20 g/l of NH4Cl to the medium. A culture medium for Chlorella was suggested containing the acid extract of urine ash and native urine. Several ways of nitrogen addition to the experimental solution of Chlorella were considered: HNO3, NH4Cl, urea and native urine. The optimal ratios of urine ash water extract, native urine and HNO3 in the medium solution were determined to maintain Chlorella growth. Comparative data were given on the biochemical values of the biomass of the C. vulgaris batch and continuous cultures according to the following parameters: mineral, amino acid and fatty acid contents, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and vitamins. The values were also compared to those in cultures of cyanobacteria Spirullina platensis and Oscilatoria deflexa grown in the batch mode.

To close mass exchange loops in bioregenerative life support systems more efficiently, researchers of the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) have developed a procedure of wet combustion of human wastes and inedible parts of plants using H2O2 in alternating electromagnetic field. Human wastes pretreated in this way can be used as nutrient solutions to grow plants in the phototrophic unit of the LSS. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibilities of using human wastes oxidized to different degrees to grow plants cultivated on the soil-like substrate (SLS). The treated human wastes were analyzed to test their sterility. Then we investigated the effects produced by human wastes oxidized to different degrees on growth and development of wheat plants and on the composition of microflora in the SLS. The irrigation solution contained water, substances extracted from the substrate, and certain amounts of the mineralized human wastes. The experiments showed that the human wastes oxidized using reduced amounts of 30% H2O2: 1ml/g of feces and 0.25ml/ml of urine were still sterile. The experiments with wheat plants grown on the SLS and irrigated by the solution containing treated human wastes in the amount simulating 1/6 of the daily diet of a human showed that the degree of oxidation of human wastes did not significantly affect plant productivity. On the other hand, the composition of the microbiota of irrigation solutions was affected by the oxidation level of the added metabolites. In the solutions supplemented with partially oxidized metabolites yeast-like microscopic fungi were 20 times more abundant than in the solutions containing fully oxidized metabolites. Moreover, in the solutions containing incompletely oxidized human wastes the amounts of phytopathogenic bacteria and denitrifying microorganisms were larger. Thus, insufficiently oxidized sterile human wastes added to the irrigation solutions significantly affect the composition of the microbiological component of these solutions, which can ultimately unbalance the system as a whole.

Pairwise interaction of 8 microorganism cultures is researched by the agar plates technique with replicators use. 48 actions among which 90% is negative, 4% is positive, the others are zero are received and estimated.

As a result of research of the microorganisms interaction through the volatile substances produced by them, the tendency to the antagonistic relations decrease to the experiment end and growth of the share of neutral and positive actions that testifies to ecosystem stabilization is revealed. It is revealed that 19 % of the investigated strains possessed hematolytic activity, and 14 % possessed clotting activity.

It is found that inedible plant residues of chufa significantly affect microflora of the researched solution, particularly the number of sanitary significant microorganisms (bacteria of the coli group, microscopic fungi, etc.).

It is common knowledge that microorganisms respond to environmental changes faster than other representatives of the living world. The major aim of this work was to examine and analyze the characteristics of the microbiota of radish culture, cultivated in the closed ecological system of human life-support Bios-3 and in an open system in different experiments. Microbial Community of near-root, root zone and phyllosphere of radish were studied at the phases of seedlings, root formation, technical ripeness-by washing-off method-like microbiota of the substrate (expanded clay aggregate) and of the seeds of radish culture. Inoculation on appropriate media was made to count total quantity of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, bacteria of coliform group, spore-forming, Proteus group, fluorescent, phytopathogenic bacteria, growing on Ferrni medium, yeasts, microscopic fungi, Actinomyces.It was revealed that formation of the microbiota of radish plants depends on the age, plant cultivation technology and the specific conditions of the closed system. Composition of microbial conveyor-cultivated in phytotrons varied in quality and in quantity with plant growth phases-in the same manner as cultivation of even-aged soil and hydroponics monocultures which was determined by different qualitative and quantitative composition of root emissions in the course of plant vegetation. The higher plant component formed its own microbial complex different from that formed prior to closure. The microbial complex of vegetable polyculture is more diverse and stable than the monoculture of radish. We registered the changes in the species composition and microorganism quantity during plant cultivation in the closed system on a long-used solution. It was demonstrated that during the short-term (7 days) use of the nutrient solution in the experiments without system closing, the species composition of the microbiota of radish plants was more diverse in a multiple-aged vegetable polyculture (61 species of bacteria), than in an even-aged monoculture (32 species). Long-term use (120 days) of the solution for cultivation of multiple-aged vegetable polyculture from different radish parts in the experiment without system closing revealed 50 species, while in the experiment with the closed ecosystem only 39 species of bacteria were detected.It was found out that plant cultivation in a polyculture consisting of nine vegetable cultures is more preferable than in a monoculture, because the microbial complex is more stable, the functioning of elements is more accurate and the crop is higher. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All tights reserved.