Main positive morphostructures of the Amerasia Basin, the Lomonosov Ridge, Alpha Ridge, Mendeleev Rise, Chukchi Plateau and Northwind Ridge, have been considered from geomorphological, geological and geophysical aspects. Time and Depth seismic sections have been provided up to the Moho discontinuity from the Lomonosov Ridge and its junction with the Greenland and East-Siberian shelves. Time and Depth seismic sections of the Mendeleev-Alpha rises and Chukchi Plateau are presented too. The sections were set up based on seismic surveys: deep seismic sounding and multichannel seismic reflection. Some similarities have been reflected for the foregoing land structure depth sections and typical sections of the continental crust. Brief geological and geophysical data have been presented for the positive morphostructures of the Atlantic Ocean such as the Rockall and Vring plateaus, the continental nature of which is established beyond all doubt. Genesis of positive morphostructures in the northern Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean has been connected with processes of continental rifting and concomitant intraplate magmatism.

Дана геоморфологическая и геолого-геофизическая характеристика основных положительных морфоструктур Амеразийского бассейна — хребта Ломоносова, хребта Альфа, поднятия Менделеева, Чукотского плато и хребта Нортвинд. Приведены временные и глубинные сейсмические разрезы до поверхности Мохо хребта Ломоносова и его зон сочленения с Пригренландским и Восточно-Сибирским шельфами, а также временные и глубинные разрезы хребта Альфа, поднятия Менделеева и Чукотского плато. Разрезы построены на основании профильных сейсмических исследований ГСЗ и МОВ-ОГТ. Показано сходство глубинных разрезов вышеперечисленных морфоструктур с типичными разрезами континентальной коры. Приведены краткие геолого-геофизические данные о строении положительных морфоструктур Атлантического океана — плато Роколл и Воринг, континентальная природа которых не вызывает дискуссий. Отмечена связь образования положительных морфоструктур северной части Атлантического океана и Северного Ледовитого океана с процессами континентального рифтогенеза и сопутствующего ему внутриплитного магматизма.

Geological and geophysical aspects of the Central Arctic Elevations in the Arctic Ocean have been analyzed in order to consider their correspondence to signs of a mantle plumes activity accepted by most scientists. The manifestation in topography (vast arched uplift), extensive Late Mesozoic intraplate basaltic magmatic activity (High Arctic Large Igneous Province, HALIP), and gravimetric and magnetometric characteristics have been outlined to indicate that the area of the Central Arctic Elevations is a block of the ancient continental crust. The block underwent intensive destructive transformations driven by mantle upwelling but with preservation of general geophysical properties of continental crust, and subsidence up to bathyal depths at the neotectonic level. This is the e-book version of the article, published in Russian Journal of Earth Sciences (doi:10.2205/2016ES000562). It is generated from the original source file using LaTeX’s epub.cls class.

Geological and geophysical aspects of the Central Arctic Elevations in the Arctic Ocean have been analyzed in order to consider their correspondence to signs of a mantle plumes activity accepted by most scientists. The manifestation in topography (vast arched uplift), extensive Late Mesozoic intraplate basaltic magmatic activity (High Arctic Large Igneous Province, HALIP), and gravimetric and magnetometric characteristics have been outlined to indicate that the area of the Central Arctic Elevations is a block of the ancient continental crust. The block underwent intensive destructive transformations driven by mantle upwelling but with preservation of general geophysical properties of continental crust, and subsidence up to bathyal depths at the neotectonic level.

The modern views on the structure of the oceanic and continental crust are discussed. The presented geological-geophysical information on the deep structure of the Earth’s crust of the Lomonosov Ridge, Mendeleev Rise, and Alpha Ridge, which make up the province of the Central Arctic Uplifts in the Arctic Ocean, is based on CMP, seismic-reflection, and seismic-refraction data obtained by Russian and Western researchers along geotraverses across the Amerasia Basin. It is established that the crust thickness beneath the Central Arctic Uplifts ranges from 22 to 40 km. Comparison of the obtained velocity sections with standard crust sections of different morphostructures in the World Ocean that are underlain by the typical oceanic crust demonstrates their difference with respect to the crustal structure and to the thickness of the entire crust and its individual layers. Within the continental crust, the supercritical waves reflected from the upper mantle surface play the dominant role. Their amplitude exceeds that of head and refracted waves by one to two orders of magnitude. In contrast, the refracted and, probably, interferential head waves are dominant within the oceanic crust. The Moho discontinuity is the only first-order boundary. In the consolidated oceanic crust, such boundaries are not known. The similarity in the velocity characteristics of the crust of the Alpha Ridge and Mendeleev Rise, on the one hand, and the continental crust beneath the Lomonosov Ridge, on the other, gives grounds to state that the crust of the Mendeleev Rise and Alpha Ridge belongs to the continental type. The interference mosaic pattern of the anomalous magnetic field of the Central Arctic Uplifts is an additional argument in favor of this statement. Such patterns are typical of the continental crust with intense intraplate volcanism. Interpretation of seismic crustal sections of the Central Arctic Uplifts and their comparison with allowance for characteristic features of the continental and oceanic crust indicate that the Earth’s crust of the uplifts has the continental structure.

l , Oleg LSuprunenko l Summary: The tectonic basement of the Eurasian Arctic shelf is a combination of tectonic blocks. The basernent comprises crystallinc metamorphic and ignc­ ous assemblages along with intensely dcformed and mctamorphoscd stratified assemblages. In contrast to an oceanic basement which is primarily igneous a continental basernenr has been originated as a result of the assembly of previ­ ously geodynamically variable terrancs into a relativcly stable regional tectonic domain (superblock or superterrane). Aseries of superblocks varying in the con­ solidation age has been mappcd: Pre-Riphcan, Grenvillian, Riphean, Calcdonian, Ellesmerian, Hercynian, ancl Late Mesozoic. Earlier consolidatcd rigid blocks have been captured wirhin the superblocks. There are extensive areas of deeply submerged basement (more than 10 km) and the composition is believed to be of oceanic type. The basement superblocks have undergonc constructive and destructive altera­ tions through thc post consolidation history. Large scale constructive processes took place in the west in thc Ordovieian-Devonian and in the Carboniferous to Early Jurassic, and thc late Mesozoic in thc cast. Major dcstructive events took place in the Devonian to early Carboniferous, in the late Pennian to Triassie. in the late Jurassie to early Cretaceous, and front the late Cretaeeous to Recent. The main aim of this paper is to provide constraints and to indieate a starting point for building models of geodynamic cvolution of the Arctie.

The authors draw on recent Soviet and foreign geophysical papers to draw a general map of crustal thickness for the entire Arctic region.

It has been shown that the caustic wastes obtained from diesel fuels from mixed Turkmen and Fergana crudes can be processed by steaming, thermal deoiling, acidification, and distillation of the acidol [mixed naphthenic acids] to produce light and heavy naphthenic acid fractions in yields of 42 and 18% of the acidol weight, respectively, that meet the requirements of specification GOST 13302-67.

The scheme using alkalization of diesel fuels with the recirculation of an alkali solution, is ineffective in the treatment of crudes with high acidity, since it leads to the formation of stable emulsions, consisting of 80% of the diesel fuel