Blue-green infrastructure (BGI) has emerged as a critical nature-based strategy for enhancing urban stormwater management and ecological resilience. However, optimizing BGI allocation at a city scale remains challenging due to the complex spatial heterogeneity of BGI elements and the need to balance hydrological, ecological, and economic trade-offs. In this study, a multi-objective optimization framework was developed to address these challenges by integrating a Cellular Automata (CA)-based hydrological model with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The CA-based model enables grid-resolution simulation of surface runoff processes, and the optimization algorithm identifies spatial configurations of BGI to address landscape-hydrologycost effectiveness trade-offs. The framework was applied to the Heping River catchment in Nanjing, China, under a 20-year return period storm scenario. The optimized BGI allocation solutions achieved an average increase of 7.45 % in water bodies and 19.92 % in green stormwater infrastructures, alongside a 20.15 % reduction in impervious surfaces. These improvements corresponded to a 19.73 % increase in landscape objective, a 27.55 % improvement in hydrology performance, and a 26.59 % reduction in life-cycle cost (LCC). In contrast to existing methods that primarily rely on semi-distributed models such as SWMM, the proposed framework advances spatial precision by explicitly modelling hydrological processes at the grid level and allowing for finegrained spatial allocation of BGI elements. This integration provides a scalable and transferable decisionsupport tool for urban planners and decision makers seeking to maximize the multifunctional benefits of BGI allocation.

Advancing intelligent water conservancy construction through the integration of next-generation technologies has become a crucial direction for the current development of water conservancy informatization in China. This paper introduces a smart management system for national water park that utilizes a 3D IVR model as its foundational data. Specifically, the system comprises: (i) Constructing a 3D IVR model using data from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) oblique photography; (ii) Establishing a smart management system that integrates the 3D IVR model and geographic information data; and (iii) Developing and implementing customized functional modules for managing national water park.

A sponge city is an established urban stormwater management approach that effectively reduces urban runoff and pollutant discharges. In order to plan and design, estimate costs, and evaluate the performance of urban sponge city systems, it is essential to calculate the storage scale. In this context, a sponge city storage scale and calculation method based on a multifactor spatial overlay was designed, utilising the starting area of the Dafeng Hi-tech Development Zone in Yancheng City, China, as an illustrative example. The indicators for assessing the impact of sponge city systems on river plain networks are constructed based on four aspects: land planning, building density, water surface rate and green space rate. The relative importance of each indicator was determined based on the necessity of controlling runoff from land parcels and the appropriateness of facility construction. The annual runoff control rate of the 39 low-impact development control units in the study area was calculated using ArcGIS through multifactor spatial overlay mapping and weighting. The results showed that (1) the Geographic Information System (GIS)overlay technology can effectively assist in the decomposition of LID scales; (2) data can be derived, including the design storage volume and other basic control scale indicators for each unit. The study results are expected to serve as a reference for the preparation of special low-impact development plans in the river plain network area of China and the promotion of the construction of a sustainable blue–green system in the city.

China’s sponge city construction is currently being promoted systematically throughout the country, but collaboration between different professions in this field has been difficult due to the lack of a common technical framework. To address this issue, this paper proposes 16 digital landscape architecture approaches to systematically sort out the process and logic of sponge city practice. Relevant digital technology tools are integrated based on a summary of the key technical issues involved in 10 major categories and 22 minor categories. Four key technologies are highlighted: 1) Quantitative analysis of sponge city hydrology and construction of a database of control units; 2) Construction of a multi-objective-based model for optimizing sponge city underlying surface structure; 3) Research on the layout of sponge facilities oriented towards hydrological performance; 4) Construction of a sponge performance monitoring and control system based on IoT sensor technology. Finally, the paper applies some of the digital landscape technologies empirically in the context of three cross-scale sponge city practices in Jiangsu Province. The study’s results aim to promote synergistic cooperation between landscape architecture and different professions in sponge city practice, facilitate the transformation of sponge city practice into a digital workflow that can be scientifically and quantitatively interpreted, and help promote evidence-based sponge city construction in China’s new era. The improved scientific nature of planning and design work will help advance sponge city construction in China.

文章以泰州引江河为例,分析讨论了河堤绿化的特点,并结合互联网技术构建了一种智能化的绿化设计方法.从材料、生态、景观3个维度探讨了河堤内部的空间分化及其产生的绿化差异,并提出了 10种对应的绿化模式.采用Vue框架构建智能设计系统的前端,Spring MVC框架构建系统后端,MySQL结合Redis构建对接数据库,光辉城市Mars软件进行组合模型的渲染.最终实现具备信息存储、方案生成、即时模拟功能的交互式绿化设计系统.该研究探索搭建了一个供决策方、设计方和使用方能够有效沟通的平台,着力服务于"健康河湖"、"幸福河湖"的打造.

Urban block-scale sponge system design needs address how to specify the optimal approach to combine the number of areas and types of sponge facilities for diverse land conditions and sponge system design objectives, while ensuring sponge performance and economic efficiency. With the gradual application of multi-objective optimization algorithms in the design of sponge cities, multi-objective combinatorial problem solving for sponge facilities based on optimization algorithms is more accurate and efficient than traditional design methods based on the designer's experience. This study utilizes a residential complex in Nanjing as a practical example, selects six types of typical sponge facilities to construct a multi-objective optimization combination model for sponge facilities, and employs the SPEA-2 algorithm to determine the optimal combination of sponge facility types and quantities. Finally, 186,754 combinations of sponge facilities were calculated. For the three sponge objectives of optimal performance and economy for stormwater infiltration and storage, optimal performance and economy for runoff pollution control, and optimal average overall performance for stormwater infiltration, runoff pollution control, and economy, a number of combinations of sponge types and numbers were obtained.

Urban green infrastructure (UGI) can be used as a sustainable stormwater management approach. UGI can bring numerous ecological benefits to cities, including increased urban resilience, increased availability of water resources, and optimization of habitats. This paper used empirical research methods to describe an Internet of things (IoT)-based UGI monitoring and control system for stormwater management (MCSSWM). Using a Xuzhou-based practical project in China as a case study, we introduce the construction process, method, and monitoring results of the system. The results showed that the MCSSWM could be beneficial for UGI ecological performance evaluation and management.

以南京市为例,通过对城市绿地土壤pH的采样调查,重点分析了道路绿带的土壤pH特征及与空间因素和养分元素有效性之间的关联.结果显示,道路绿带pH均值为7.83,与其他绿地存在显著差异且在平均水平上唯一呈碱性;pH与绿带宽度具有显著负相关性,最优拟合曲线为对数模型,拐点在2m左右;绿带土壤的有效磷和有效钾含量较高,碱解氮含量很低并与pH之间存在显著负相关.城市绿地空间上的变化形成了生境条件的差异,其中的关联规律是绿地营建中自然秩序恢复的基础,为可持续的绿地设计提供依据.

针对建成环境水绿关系,深入解读了低影响开发的科学内涵,从水绿规模、组成结构和空间布局3个层面探讨基于水绿耦合原理的城市绿地规划机制.具体论述了数字技术支持下的城市绿地规划方法及流程,构建了“机制分析-空间模拟-格局生成-规划校验与方案比选”全过程数字化的城市绿地规划方法.并分别以城市总体、城市片区和城市街区3种尺度条件的实践案例为对象阐明低影响开发绿地规划方法的应用,为科学的城市绿地规划研究与实践提供参考.

The study focused on the problems of drought and waterlogging of urbanroad water environment and their generation mechanism,discussed the strategy and approach to systematically solve the problems of urban road water environment,and based on multi-objective optimization,it put forward the research method of the construction of urban road sponge system and the quantification of performance.Based on the practice of Nanjing Tianbao Street ecological road system and the monitoring data of sponge performance supported by the internet of things (IoT) sensing technology of the last three years,the sponge performance was analyzed and evaluation from four aspects:surface runoff control,rainwater harvesting and resource utilization,system habitat optimization,and economic benefit.The practice has proved that the system is running stable,and the comprehensive performance is excellent.

An investigation has been carried out into the revetment landscape in Changsha's 6 city parks in terms of its treatment forms,plant dispositions and landscape effects.and some common problems has been found as result,e.g.lack of flexible design,monotonous plant species and cultivation methods,low utilization ratio of riverside facilities and unnatural road junctions.To address these problems,the authors have suggested some design patterns for improvement,such as stone and rocks revetment,stumps revetment,plants revetment,and mixed-style revetment.

Aided by GIS techniques,a simulated analysis as to the effects of water level changes on landscape resources is performed for the Saihai Lake area in Meijiang National Park.The results showed that landscape resources of the studied area are larger in quantity and richer in landscape types under normal water level(330 m),with a total count of 25 landscape units,which including 3 sub-divisions and 10 sections in landscape classification system;When water level rises to 346 m,about 23 landscape units will be affected,with a total of 11 landscape units to be submerged completely,and 12 landscape units will be affected in terms of scale,environmental impact,landscape resources value and utilization ratio.Rising water level will have dramatic impact on the integrity,biodiversity,system nature and naturalness of landscape resources in the scenic spot.