浙江红花油茶(Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu.)又名浙江红山茶,最早发现于浙江,由胡先骕先生于1957年命名,是山茶科(Theaceae)山茶属(Camellia L.)中具有生产价值的油茶物种之一,其分布和栽培面积及年产量仅次于普通油茶、小果油茶和越南油茶[1].

连续3 a对从安徽亳州南移至福建不同地区种植的'凤丹'(Paeonia ostii'FengDan')的物候、生长性状及结籽性状等指标进行了调查分析.结果表明:'凤丹'能适应福建的高温高湿气候和土壤条件,引种后第2年能正常开花结实,保存率在86.73％～91.60％,物候期比原产地提前约10 d.'凤丹'的生长及结籽性状在5个引种试验地间存在显著差异,但'凤丹'籽油中的主要脂肪酸含量差异不明显,其中 α-亚麻酸含量均较高,达39.97％～43.06％.相关分析表明,'凤丹'幼林的生长、结籽性状及单株产籽量与生境因子相关不密切,仅出仁率受海拔、纬度、年均温度及土壤全氮的综合影响.'凤丹'在福建未能获得较好的产量,综合性状表现最好的闽北政和引种地的4年生、5年生和6年生'凤丹'单株产籽量分别仅为11.49、39.58、30.74 g,在福建地区建议暂不以发展油用牡丹为目的推广'凤丹'牡丹.

于2020年,在福建省沙县水南国有林场的油茶无性系评比试验林中选择3株高产油茶树和3株低产油茶树,采用GC-MS技术开展与油茶产量性状相关的代谢表达谱分析与代谢标记鉴定.研究结果表明:从高产组和低产组代谢表达谱中筛选出2种含量达显著性差异的化合物:角鲨烯的相对含量高产组为4.07％,低产组为35.87％,低产组显著高于高产组(P＜0.01);保留时间为17.227 min的化合物A在高产组中相对含量为31.85％,而在低产组中没有检测到.这些代谢表达物可能作为油茶优良无性系选择的代谢标记,为油茶高产品种的选择提供新方法.

对种植在闽西红壤区的17个油茶闽杂优无性系的生长及果实主要经济性状、产量、茶油品质等指标进行连续4a的观测.结果 表明,在试验林粗放管理下,仍有闽杂优3、闽杂优1 1、闽杂优22、闽杂优32无性系的各项指标达到油茶优良无性系选育标准,其鲜出籽率41.90％～ 45.88％,干出籽率25.06％～25.44％,种仁含油率45.45％～46.73％,年均冠幅产果量1.21～1.38kg·m-2,年均产油量为556.25～ 645.25kg· hm-2,丰产稳产,抗性强,油脂品质优良,适宜在闽西红壤区推广种植.

2020年1月以来,新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情不断蔓延,各地春季造林均受到影响.3月后气温升高,不少树木开始生根萌芽,为提高新造林成活率,确保造林成功,根据前期研究基础和实践经验,提出了新冠肺炎疫情后油茶种植的应对补救技术措施,供参考.

对'凤丹'牡丹、'香丹'牡丹和紫斑牡丹等3个油用牡丹品种在福建闽北地区的适应性进行比较试验,并对其植株性状、果实性状、产籽量及抗病性等进行调查分析.结果表明:'凤丹'牡丹能适应引种地的气候和土壤条件,幼树长势良好,能正常开花结实,但丰产性表现一般、果实经济性状较好,在闽北高海拔地区可适量推广种植,以满足不同市场需求;'香丹'牡丹幼树能正常开花结实,果实经济性状一般,丰产性较差,有待于进一步观察研究;紫斑牡丹品种表现较差,幼树能存活,但树体生长基本停滞,开花少,且不结实,不适宜在闽北地区推广种植.

经济树种科技创新团队是福建省林业科学研究院首批五个科技创新团队之一.依托单位为福建省林业科学研究院竹子研究所(经济林研究所).团队成员6人,首席专家是李志真教授级高工,责任专家是郑蓉教授级高工和黄勇教授级高工,研究骨干有谢一青高工、温晓芸工程师、杨杰实习研究员,其中博士4人、博士生1人、硕士1人;另外聘用科研辅助人员4人.既有经验丰富的资深研究人员,又有中青年科研骨干,老中青相结合,专业人才和科研辅助人员相配套,人才队伍基础好,科技创新潜力强.

Objective] To investigate the effects of MnSO 4 basal applications on physiological characters and Mn content of aromatic rice , and to provide a theoretical basis for cultivating high-quality aromatic rice .[Method] Pot experiment was carried out using Meixiangzhan and Nongxiang 18 as planting materi-als.Four basal applications of MnSO4 were employed with the concentrations of 6.67 (Mn1), 10.00 (Mn2), 13.33 (Mn3) and 16.67 (Mn4) mg? kg -1 respectively.There was a control treatment (CK) with none MnSO 4 application .The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design .The Mn con-tents of leaves , stems and brown rice grains were measured .The enzyme activities of superoxide dis-mutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in rice leaf were investigated .[Result] Compared to the control , Mn4 was more beneficial to increase the Mn content of brown rice grains in early and late seasons by 22.02% and 6.75% respectively for Meixiangzhan , and 1.48% and 4.26%respectively for Nongxiang 18 .Mn4 treatment was better to increase the Mn content in the stems and leaves of early and late aromatic rice varieties after booting stages .Mn4 treatment im-proved the net photosynthetic rate of leaf and dry mass of above-ground of early and late aromatic rice va-rieties.Moreover, Mn4 treatment was more effective to improve the SOD and POD activities and decrease the MDA content in the leaves of early and late aromatic rice varieties .[Conclusion] Appropriate basal application of MnSO 4 would be more effective to improve the net photosynthetic rate and the Mn contents of stem, leaf and brown rice grains , enhance the resistance , adaptability and growth of aromatic rice vari-ety.The optimal application amount of MnSO 4 is 16.67 mg? kg -1 in this study .

油茶（Camellia sp.）是山茶科（Theaceae）山茶属（ Camellia L.）中油脂含量高、经济价值好的一类植物总称，主要分布在我国，与油棕、油橄榄、椰子并称为世界四大木本油料植物，与乌桕、油桐、核桃并称为我国四大木本油料植物。油茶用途广，茶油不饱和脂肪酸含量高达90%，有营养、医疗、保健之功效，被称为“东方橄榄油”、“油中软黄金”，是一种健康型高级食用油，也可开发美容化妆、食品医药、精细化工等产品。茶粕、茶壳可提取茶皂素、制作天然洗涤剂、杀虫剂、抛光剂、糠醛和肥料等，其综合利用价值高，产业链长。油茶适应性广，在我国南方山地丘陵均可生长，能耐干旱瘠薄。一次种植收获百年，稳产期长达50年。种植油茶，发展油茶产业，不仅可以提供大量的优质食用油，提高我国食用油自给率，还可促进农民增收致富，推进农村经济发展，具有良好的经济、社会和生态效益。

近年来，福建省以种苗科技攻关、中央财政林业科技推广示范、现代农业(油茶)等一系列项目为驱动，着力开展油茶种业创新和丰产栽培技术的研究与推广，加大良种选育与普及力度，加快丰产高效油茶林建设和低产林改造步伐，不断提升油茶产业发展水平。

为进一步阐述光抑制的强光诱导和发生机制,该文以喜阴植物玉簪(Hosta spp.)为材料研究其光抑制发生规律及其与环境光强的关系.结果表明,全日照和遮阴条件下玉簪叶片发育分别形成适应强光和弱光的形态特征;与遮阴处理相比,强光下生长的玉簪光合速率和叶绿素含量较低,但两种处理叶片最大光化学效率差异很小,证明强光下植株可以正常生长且光合机构未发生严重的光抑制.将遮阴处生长的植株转移到全日照下,光合速率和最大光化学效率急剧下降;荧光诱导动力学曲线发生明显改变,而且光系统Ⅱ供体侧和受体侧荧光产量的变化幅度分别达到24.3％和34.2％,表明玉簪由弱光转入强光后光系统Ⅱ发生不可逆失活,且受体侧受到的伤害较供体侧更严重.因此,作者认为环境光强骤然提高并超过玉簪生长光强时很容易诱导其光合机构发生严重的光抑制.该研究对于理解植物适应光环境的策略以及喜阴植物的优质栽培有重要意义.

在小果油茶全分布区内,选择有代表性的18个居群为研究对象,对其种实、花及叶的23个表型性状进行统计分析,结果表明:小果油茶的居群内及居群间均存在广泛的表型变异,随环境的变化表现出较强的表型可塑性.小果油茶叶、花及种实形状大小存在显著相关关系,可以从中选择重要及关键的表型性状作为测定的主要依据.小果油茶表型性状与生态地理因子有一定的相关关系,且不同性状受地理生态因子影响也不同,其中花性状最大,而种实和叶相对较小.UPGMA聚类结果表明,18个小果油茶居群可分为4个类群,且按较明显的地理区域特征进行聚类.从系统聚类图和主成分排序图比较来看,绝大多数居群在2种聚类方式中保持一致,说明二者均能较好地区分小果油萘不同居群的亲缘关系,为小果油茶的种质资源收集和良种选育奠定基础.

Camellia oleifera Abel is an endemic wood oil plant in China with large cultivation area which has high economy value.Insect pest is a main factor decreasing the yield and damaging the quality of C.oleifera.In this paper,samples of insect pests were collected from the C.oleifera forest in Fujian Province and reared in laboratory.When the adult insects got,the samples were identified.The results showed that Hyposidra aquilaria(Walker),Myrteta sericea(Butler),Kaurava rufimarginella(Hampson),Redoa dentata Chao,Aeolanthes clinacta(Meyrick),Neospastis sinensis Bradley,Selenia sp.,Scythropiodes sp.,Epimactis sp.,were newly recorded pests with C.oleifera as host in China.The morphological characters,host and distribution of these insects were briefly described,which could make some contribution in application.

Using the te nd er leaf, kernel of Camellia meiocarpa and C. oleifera as materials, a suitable cDNAAFLP reaction system for C. meiocarpa and C. oleifera was established after optimizing several key factors, including enzyme digestion system, pre-amplification and selective amplification, which may affect cDNA-AFLP analysis. The results showed that using the quick extraction kit of EASYspin Plus plant RNA and Trizol method could extract ideal total RNA from the tender leaf and kernel of C. meiocarpa and C. oleifera, respectively. After mRNA was isolated from total RNA, it was synthesized into double-stranded cDNA. And then the double-stranded cDNA was digested completely by the combination of restriction endonuclease EcoRⅠ and MseⅠ at 37℃ for 5hours. The digested product was connected with 5 U T4ligase at 16℃ for an overnight. Then reducible preamplification result was obtained when ligation product were diluted by 10 times for pre-amplification. And the optimal conditions for a 20 μL volume of selective amplification were obtained when the template of preexpanded product diluted by 30 times and with dNTP(10 mmol/L) 1.5 μL, primer(10 μmol/L) 1.0 μL, Taq enzyme1.25 U. Moreover, 61 out of 210 primer pairs, producing repeatable and prolific bands, were successfully selected by this improved method. According to the PCR detected results of recovery different gene fragment, the optimized cDNA-AFLP technique was suitable for further expression study on the differential gene in C. oleifera.

The fruit characters,oil contents and fatty acid compositions of Camellia meiocarpa with different fruit shapes were determined,and the correlation among them was analyzed.The results showed that the seed oil contents of Camellia meiocarpa were related with their fruit shapes.The fruit length,fruit shape index,oil content of fresh fruit of olive shaped fruit were the highest,but the fresh seed rate of olive shaped fruit was lower than the other three kinds of fruit shapes.The content of oleic acid in four kinds of fruit shapes decreased from the fruit of olive shaped,peach shaped,umbilical shaped to spherical shaped,but the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased with an opposite order.The correlation analysis showed that the contents of oleic acid,linoleic acid,polyunsaturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids of Camellia meiocarpa seed oil were significantly correlated with the fruit length and fruit shape index,which indicated that fatty acid composition of Camellia meiocarpa seed oil was related with the fruit shape of Camellia meiocarpa.

The leaf phenotype variation of Camellia meiocarpa was analyzed by selecting 18 geographic populations within the broad distribution area of the species.The results showed that there was widely genetic variation either inside or among the geographic populations and the stability of leaf phenotype was pretty lower.There were extremely significant correlations among the indexes of leaf area,leaf perimeter,the length and width of Camellia meiocarpa leaves.There were significant correlations among the leaf thickness,leaf perimeter,leaf width and petiole length,and there were no significant correlations among other leaf trait indexes.The study showed that the major ecological factors which influenced leaf phenotype variation of Camellia meiocarpa were frost-free period,rainfall in July and August,the maximum temperature,and the yearly solar radiation hours.Among which,the yearly solar radiation time factor influenced on both the fruiting and leaf phenotype traits.The main leaf traits which were related to ecological factors were leaf area,leaf perimeter,the length,width and shape factor of the leaves.The Binary Tendency Surface Analysis showed that only leaf shape factor was significantly correlated with geographical variation.The clustering analysis on the leaf phenotype traits of Camellia meiocarpa showed that the 18 geographic populations could be obviously divided into 3 groups at 4.01 of UPGMA euclidean distance,which generally did not show obvious geographic regional feature among the populations.

Effects of growing media,cutting types and exogenous auxins on rooting ability of stem cuttings of Camellia meiocarpa and C.oleifera were studied.The dynamic changes of activities of peroxidase(POD),polyphenol oxidase(PPO) and indoleacetic acid oxidase(IAAO) during rooting process were also investigated.The results showed that growing media,cutting types and exogenous auxins had obvious effects on rooting ability and root development of C.meiocarpa and C.oleifera cuttings.Different rooting rates and root development were caused by different growing media,and the mixed media of 75% red soil+25% river sand led to the highest rooting rate(92.6%-93.7%),but the roots were underdeveloped.While the 100% perlite medium had the best rooting development and lower rooting rate(64.2%-66.8%).The cuttings without leaves didn′t root at all,the cutting with half leaves rooted in higher rate than that with complete leaves rooted.Concerning the rate to rooting,top cutting and soft-branch were better than non-top and hard-branch.Compared to No.6 ABT,IBA and NAA,No.3 ABT was the best exogenous auxin,with appropriate concentration of 100 mg · L-1.After cutting,the POD,PPO and IAAO activities changed in the cuttings of C.meiocarpa during rooting process regularly.POD activities showed double peak curve of rise,fall,rise sharply and down,while PPO and IAAO activities showed single-peak curve of rise-down.Compared to the control,the peak of curve of the 3 oxidases obviously increased and appeared ahead.It was concluded that No.3 ABT directly affected the rooting ability of C.meiocarpa.

Fujian Province is rich in wild color-leaf plants,in order to develop these resources,the ornamental characteristics,geographic distribution and resources status were investigated.The results showed that there were 165 wild color-leaf plants species in total,belonging to 106 genera and 54 families,which occupied 21.86%,6.64% and 3.50% of species,genera and families of Fujian Province plants respectively.There were 32 families,54 genera and 86 species of arbor plants;24 families,29 genera and 39 species of shrubs;19 families,25 genera and 29 species of small trees;5 families,5 genera and 5 species of liana plants;4 families,5 genera and 6 species of herb plants.According to the phrenology,color system and shape of color-leaf traits,the color-leaf plants were divided into aspect,constant,variegation and double-color leaf,among which there had 142,8,4 and 11 species respectively.In conclusion,many species had high developing value,such as Sapium discolor,Nyssa sinensis,Pistacia chinensis,Liquidambar formosana and Ardisia crenata var.bicolor.

Fruits and seeds were picked from all the flora of 18 geographic population of Camellia meiocarpa Hu as the research material,all of the phenotypic traits were observed and the characteristics variation frequency and diversity index of the fruits and seeds were analyzed.The results indicated that great majority of phenotypic data distributions were near the mean value and formed highly steep value.The diversity indexes of 18 geographic population and 10 phenotypic traits were relatively great,the diversity indexes of quantitative characters of different traits were located at 2.472 6-3.000 8,however,the diversity indexes of quantitative traits different geographical populations were located at 2.543-2.839.The diversity indexes of fruit quality traits were relatively small,those of fruit color,fruits and seeds were 2.306 5,2.181 6 and 0.927 7 relatively,slightly smaller than the numbers of the diversity indexes of characters,which showed the level of quantitative trait variation was higher than that of quality traits.There was difference in the diversity indexes of different populations,but not so large.The diversity index(2.839) of P10 was the maximum,and that of P13(2.543) was the minimum,there was a difference of 0.296 between them.The indexes of the other population lied between that of P10 and P13.The diversity indexes of phenotypic traits were not related to choreographic factors,and the major factors that affected diversity index levels of phenotypic traits were E,N,H,Hy,Tl and Rfe.The diversity indexes of main phenotypic traits were L'f/W'f,R's,W'ss,L's and W's.The fitting results of W'f and L's to longitude and latitude were the best in three times of trend surface analyses.The different levels were significant or very significant.

Genetic diversities of fruit and seed were analyzed in the full distribution area of C.meiocarpa Hu with 18 geographic populations.The results showed as follows.The variation of seed phenotypic trait of C.meio-carpa Hu was quite rich.The average coefficient of 10 phenotypic traits could reach 24.7% in 18 geographic populations;the mean Rⅰ′ was 48.2%,and there existed significant differences in seed phenotypic traits of in-ter-populations and intra-populations.The result of nested variance analysis showed that the diversity of in-ter-populations was higher than that of intra-populations appreciably;for the traits of Tf,Ls/Ws,Lf,Wss and Ls,the diversity of inter-populations was higher than that of intra-populations obviously,but Ns and Lf/Wf were on the contrary;the diversities of Wf and Rs were nearly equivalent no matter of inter-populations and intra-populations.According to the cluster analysis,Camellia meiocarpa Hu had obvious geography regional characteristics,and the 18 populations could be divided into three groups obviously at euclidean distance(4.22).The correlation analysis showed that there was not obvious regional evolutionary law with the change of longitude and latitude in fruit and seed phenotypic traits,however,Rs,Ls/Ws and Ws showed evident regional evolutionary law according to geo-graphic trend surface analysis,and the fitting effects were good.