一、留苏预备时期 我于1947年夏进入重庆大学矿冶系学习.1951夏天毕业后留校担任助教.工作一年后的1952年9月赴北京留苏预备班参加学习,为出国留学苏联做准备. 从1953年开始,留苏学生出国前要先在北京留苏预备部培训一年.留苏预备部即当时的北京俄文专修学校(现为北京外国语大学)第二部,校址在北京宣武门内鲍家街(校部)和石驸马大街(住宿部).当时留苏预备部的学习制度是准军事化的,每天早上5点30分起床,跑步早操半小时,然后早自习一小时后才能吃早餐;8点至12点及13点30分至17点30分上课;晚上集体自习,21点30分熄灯睡觉.

二、留苏学习时期 1、莫斯科石油学院的教学制度和中国留学生的学习安排 20世纪五六十年代,中国向苏联派出大学生和研究生近万名,进修生和实习生约三千人.其中,派往莫斯科石油学院的大学生203人,研究生55人,进修生8人.这些留学生的专业分布于石油天然气领域的地质、地球物理、石油工程(钻井和油气田开发)、石油炼制、石油化工、石油机械、石油储运和石油经济等专业.可以说,与石油天然气工业有关的所有专业都有中国留学生.

卢沟桥事变的时候我8岁.在老家四川省自贡市,我这么大的娃娃已经积极参加抗日救亡宣传运动.眼见日本鬼子侵占我国土地,杀害我们同胞,我就立志长大后要当工程师,制造飞机军舰大炮,把日本鬼子赶出中国去.

天然气水合物作为一种非常规的清洁能源,在全球分布广、资源量大.自20世纪90年代以来,加拿大、美国、日本、中国已经先后进行了陆域及海域的水合物试采,但发现出砂、单井日产气量低、稳产时间短等问题,试采产量远不能满足商业化开发的需求,其中核心问题是对水合物开发过程中的相变、多相多组分多场耦合渗流特征的认识不够明晰.本文根据天然气水合物开发过程中涉及的渗流场、温度场、化学场、力学场等多场耦合特征,重点综述水合物生成/分解对各物理场主要特征参数的影响,包括水合物储层的孔隙度、水合物饱和度、渗透率、相对渗透率等基础物性参数及其动态演变,天然气水合物的导热系数、比热容、热扩散系数以及水合物生成/分解热等热力学参数,天然气水合物生成、分解动力学特征,纯水合物以及含水合物沉积物的力学性质等,最后阐述了天然气水合物开发渗流中的多场耦合关系及相互作用,提出了今后水合物开发多物理场特征及耦合渗流的科学研究、技术开发的有关建议.

Accurately predicting period of heating steam stimulation area of horizontal well is very important for the develop-ment of heavy oil reservoir. The current forecast radius formula contains a double integral,which makes the calculating process complicated and time consuming. In this paper,by Marx Langenheim vertical well heating range formula as the theoretical basis,and on the basis of in-depth study,we simplified calculation of heating model,and established a simplified model of horizontal well cyclic steam heating,which is with simple relationship type,easy to solve and convenient to apply. Oilfield actual parameters are calculated and analyzed,and the results show that using the improved formula can get relatively accurate result,which verifies the accuracy of the formula.

<正>渗流是多孔介质内的流体运动。渗流力学研究多孔介质内流体运动的规律及其应用。渗流力学分为理论渗流力学、计算渗流力学(数值模拟)和实验渗流力学。渗流力学理论和应用涉及多种工程技术和多个产业。诸如石油、天然气、煤层气、页岩油气、天然气水合物、地下水、地下卤水、地热、煤和铀等地下资源能源的成藏和开采,大坝、土坝、水堤、边坡和水渠等水工工程,土壤改良和盐碱化防治等农田水利工程,地震、地面沉降、

In order for the imbibition law and recovery to be known,the imbibition behavior was studied with outcrop sandstones which were neutral-wet with brine,different surfactant solution,and imbibition recovery was compared in brine,surfactant solution,and sequence of brine and surfactant solution.It was shown that the same type of nonionic surfactant with a specific structure can obtain the best imbibition results,and anionic surfactants can improve imbibition recovery furthermore.The total imbibition recovery of cores which were first imbibed in brine and then in surfactant solution was smaller than that of cores which were directly imbibed in surfactant solution.The ultimate imbibition recovery of brine and brine with cationic surfactants was between 5% and 6%,and brine with nonionic surfactants between 6% and 14%,and brine with anionic surfactants between 9% and 13% with cores in these experiments.As a result,it was recommended that neutral-wet sandstone reservoir should be injected suitable surfactant in early stage when imbibition technology was chosen.

Spontaneous imbibition behavior and recovery was studied in brine with different permeability of outcrop sandstones which were water-wet so that imbibition law of Chinese outcrop could be learn because it is different from Berea sandstone,and forecast results were compared with different imbibition mathematical models.It was shown that the brine imbibition recovery increases with the increase of permeability,however the incremental rate is slow down when the permeability is lower than about 800×10-3 μm2.oil recovery tends to stable or even declines slightly when the permeability is higher than about 800×10-3 μm2.Capillary dominated imbibition is growing minor in brine when matrix permeability is high,however,spontaneous imbibition is prominent when matrix permeability is low,thus it is suggested that spontaneous imbibition should be utilized in low permeability reservoir exploitation.The known imbibition mathematical models couldn't preferable scale imbibition behavior of core samples because imbibition is complexity and affected simultaneously by many factors.

The effect of brine injection rate on spontaneous imbibition behavior and recovery of sandstone is studied, and the ultimate recovery comparison between static imbibition and dynamic imbibition is conducted. The results show that with the increase of brine injection rate, the dynamic imbibition recovery increases and decreases, rapidly, and then tends to be stable, with mono-peak variation in oil recovery and brine injection rate. The fact that dynamic imbibition recovery is lower than static one indicates that spontaneous imbibition of sandstone needs enough time to full exert capillary imbibition in low permeability reservoir. So the injection rate should be low, and measures including intermittent and cyclic injection and production should be adopted in order to increase the spontaneous imbibition recovery.

Spontaneous imbibition behavior of brine, nonionic surfactant solution, anionic surfactant solution, and cationic surfactant solution and its effects on recovery efficiency were studied in water-wet Chinese outcrop sandstones. The imbibition charateristics were compared in brine, surfactant solution, and sequence of brine and surfactant solution. The results show that the ultimate imbibition recovery efficiency of brine is between 0.32 w_(OOIP) and 0.50 w_(OOIP), where w_(OOIP) refers to the original oil-cut, and that of nonionic surfactants is between 0.38 w_(OOIP) and 0.50 w_(OOIP), and that of anionic surfactants is between 0.44 w_(OOIP) and 0.55 w_(OOIP), and that of cationic surfactants is between 0.38 w_(OOIP) and 0.44 w_(OOIP). The same type of nonionic surfactant with a specific structure could reach the best imbibition results. The imbibition recovery efficiency of anionic surfactant is generally better than that of any other type surfactant. Moreover, if cores are first imbibed in brine and then in surfactant solution, the ultimate recovery efficiency will be improved by (0.02-0.04)w_(OOIP).

According to the similar variation of water-cut reduction to that of oil production,the oil production prediction models were applied to predict the polymer flooding water-cut reduction.The characteristics and applicability of three typical water-flooding prediction models in polymer flooding,including Weibull Model,General Mr.Weng Model and Ruili Model,were analyzed.The influential factors for the water-cut variation in polymer flooding development were investigated.The main parameters,such as polymer concentration,pore volume of polymer injection,production time,were introduced into a new prediction model.The new prediction model was used to predict polymer flooding water-cut reduction of three blocks in Daqing Oilfield,and good result has been achieved.All the coefficients of correlation between the actual water-cut curves and the predicted curves are over 0.98.Both errors of the predicted lowest water-cut value and injection rate with the actual values are less than 4%.The new model can be used to predict the effects of polymer injection rate,polymer concentration and injection speed on polymer flooding water-cut variation.This model needs a few parameters and is easy in usage.

应用可视化实验观测方法,对3种原油碳源微生物提高原油采收率的机理进行的研究发现,原油碳源微生物有向原油定向运移并直接接触原油的“自动寻的”功能,并使原油碳源处菌群高度富集。这种自动寻的运移是原油碳源微生物提高原油采收率的基础。实验发现,在任何时候,原油碳源处的菌浓度比其他各处高出5~6个数量级。距原油碳源越远,菌浓度越低,其代谢产物浓度分布规律与菌浓度分布规律相符。微观模拟实验表明,高浓度的菌群及其大量代谢产物协同作用于原油碳源有利于剩余油启动。依据所得规律,对应用原油碳源微生物提高采收率的生产模式提出了建议。

从某油田产出水中分离得到一株以原油为碳源的Pseudomonas sp.菌(假单孢菌),其化学趋向性运动能力中等,趋向性机理在本文中得以详细描述.在可视化模型实验中可看到微生物向油水界面处的有序运动,而在有效的营养物浓度梯度范围内,化学趋向性运移速度与距油水界面的距离无关,受温度的影响很大.并且在微观仿真模型实验中,可观察到细菌在孔隙壁和油、水三相交界处聚集,并讨论了该现象的形成原因及其对微生物采油的有利作用.

实现"两个资源,两个市场",很重要的一点就是工程技术.我们开拓国际市场的时间并不长,但我们国家石油公司走出去的第一步走得非常好.这中间首先是人才,在这几年里,我们的人员、队伍的素质提升很快,我觉得这一点非常重要.为我们拓展国际市场奠定了良好的基础,我们以后的发展方向必须是向外拓展.

从某油田产出水中分离得到一株Pseudomons sp.菌,主要代谢产物是糖脂类表活剂,同时产少量低分子有机酸.在菌体局部富集实验中可观察到细菌由于化学趋向性而在油水界面处富集;在代谢产物局部富集实验中,肉眼可观察到由于在位繁殖效应,油水界面处水相的颜色变化,在不同距离处分别取样定量测定得到产物浓度分布梯度;并且在微观仿真模型中做微生物驱油实验,观察到菌体在孔隙壁和油、水三相交界处富集,研究微生物及其代谢产物的驱油机理,得到了一些有价值的结论.

在"微元段"假设的基础上,提出了"交错网格"和"等效渗透率"概念,建立了热采水平井井筒单相和多相变质量流的等效渗流模型以及井筒变质量流与油藏渗流耦合的水平井产量公式.根据质量守恒和能量守恒方程建立了井筒变质量流与油藏渗流耦合的数学模型.利用该模型进行了热采水平井开采机理研究,研究认为:(1)水平井井筒内的压降影响水平井生产动态,忽略井筒内的压降将使计算的产油量和油汽比偏高;(2)水平井的产油量主要来自水平井筒的始端,对于一定的具体条件(油藏条件、水平井参数等),存在一个水平井段的最优长度.

Bacteria taken the glycolipid surfactant as the main metabolic production and producing a little low-molecular organic acid simultaneously were selected to put on a piece of slide glass.The experiment showed that the bacteria became enrichment on the oil-water interface due to the chemotaxis.During experiments on bacteria in glass box,it could be seen with eyes that fluid muddy on the oil-water interface got thicker and thicker gradually,because of “breeding in situ”.The concentration distribution of the products of samples gotten from different distances from the interface was quantitatively measured.The result shows that there are concentration distribution gradients of products.The microbial oil_displacement experiments were programmed in emulation network models.It could be seen that bacteria were prior to entering into the three-phase boundary of pore wall,oil and water.The oil-displacement mechanisms of several techniques were studied,including emulsifying and starting up the remained oil,peeling the oil film off and altering the humidity of the orifice.The integration of these techniques is available for improving oil recovery.

In order to describe the actual flow of fluid in and nearby the horizontal well, it is necessary to study the coupling of the flow in the reservoir with various-mass-rate flow in the horizontal well-bore. An assumption is given that the horizontal well-bore is divided into several micro-elements and the fluid flows into the horizontal well-bore only at the interface of the two nearby micro-elements, which results in constant-mass-rate flow in any micro-elements. An equivalent seepage flow model is built for the various-mass-rate flow in the horizontal well-bore by using the staggered grid and equivalent permeability. A thermal recovery numerical simulation model coupling the flow in the reservoir with various-mass-rate flow in the horizontal well-bore is constructed. A recovery mechanism study of horizontal wells is carried out with the coupling model built and several important results are obtained. The pressure drop within the horizontal well-bore has influence on the production performance of the well. If neglecting the pressure drop along the well-bore, the calculated production parameters such as oil production and oil-steam ratio will be higher than the true values. The most oil production is derived from the production end (the first end) of the well-bore. Under a certain condition (certain reservoir condition, horizontal well parameters and so on), there exists an optimum horizontal well-bore length.

区域分解算法在油藏数值模拟中的应用已得到了国内外学者的共识,然而,该方法在热采数值模型中的应用极少.根据热采模型的多相、多组分的特点,构造了适合全隐式计算方法的区域分解算法,并给出详细的实现步骤和区域收敛的判断条件.实例计算对比表明:区域分解算法适用于热采模型,带有区域分解算法的热采模型与常规热采模型的计算结果吻合很好,计算结果是可信的;使用区域分解算法可进一步提高热采模型的计算速度,节省计算时间.图4参4(吴淑红摘)

During the depletion process of gas reservoir with abnormally high pressure,there is usually an inflexion on the P/Z Vs.Gp curve.Correctly predicting the P/Z Vs.G p Curves feature is very important for gas reservoir developing management.This paper proposed an analytical method to study the abnormally high_pressure gas reservoir's depletion characteristics.Considering the gas and rock's properties variation with pressure in the mathematics model of a circle closed gas reservoir,the average pressure can be deduced by the analytical method and can be used to analyze the depletion characteristics of abnormally high_pressure gas reservoir.All the possible P/Z Vs.Gp curve's features have been discussed in this paper based on the deduced average pressure solution.The result shows that the depletion feature of the abnormally high_pressure gas reservoir is sensitive with the variation of rock's compressibility and gas's PVT and the related water.The P/Z Vs. Gp curve's feature maybe different for different properties,it can be one of a straight line or a protruding curve or a concave curve .This analytical average pressure solution can not only be used to study the depletion characteristics,but also be a theoretical reference for correctly programming the depletion strategies of an abnormally high_pressure gas reservoir.