The coliquefaction of sulfur lignites and bituminous coals from Ukraine with polyethylene and polypropylene wastes was studied. The gas environment and the nature of catalysts were varied. The degree of conversion of the mixture and the yields of oils, asphaltenes, preasphaltenes, and volatile matter from the residues of coliquefaction were determined. It was hypothesized that oils were mainly formed from coals, especially in the mixtures of coals with polyethylene, whereas asphaltenes and preasphaltenes were formed from polyolefins.

The authors have studied the joint liquefaction of sulfurous brown and long-flame coals of Ukraine and polyethylene and polypropylene at 430 °C and an initial pressure of up to 5.0 MPa. The gas phase consisted of H 2 , CO 2 , Ar or H 2 + CO 2 . The total conversion of the mixture and the volatile-matter yield from the residue of joint liquefaction after extraction of the products by alcohol-benzene were determined. The observed overall effect of synergism varied from 0 to 30%, depending on the type of polyolefin, coal and gas medium. Tetralin and H 2 inhibit the decomposition of polyethylene, which is why the individual effects of synergism may be either positive or negative.

The effect of the characteristics of sulfur brown and long-flame coals (Ukraine) on the evolution of hydrogen sulfide upon hydroliquefaction has been studied quantitatively. The amount of sulfur in H 2 S is given in absolute value (in mass units) and in relative value (in percent of total sulfur). In these two cases the pair linear correlation coefficients for the evolution of H 2 S with the parameters of a polylinear equation has opposite signs. The greatest effect is exhibited by the content of total and pyritic sulfur. The relationship between the evolution of H 2 S and organic sulfur is complicated and no relationship with the degree of conversion is observed.

For a series of 23 samples of long-flame sulfurous coals from the Northern Donetsk Basin, we analyzed the influence of various characteristics of the initial coals on their degree of conversion and the yield of individual fractions in hydroliquefaction without catalysts. It was shown that the content of total sulfur and iron has the greatest influence - the individual correlation coefficients equal 0.91 in the multiparameter regression equations.

The hydrogenation of brown, gas, and sulfurous long-flame coals in tetralin in the presence of residues of metallurgical works and galvanic shops was studied. The dependence of the catalytic influence of the residues on their chemical and phase composition and also on the properties and composition of the coals was established. It is assumed that hematite in the residues is catalytically more active than magnetite. The effect of the addition of residues is manifest in a growth in the degree of conversion of the coals and in the yield of the lighter fractions of the liquid products.

The separation of hydrogen sulfide in the hydrogenation of sulfurous brown and long-flame coals of the Ukraine in tetralin under a hydrogen pressure was studied. It is assumed that the hydrogen sulfide evolves chiefly at the expense of organic sulfur and finely dispersed pyrite. The duration and temperature of the process are the main factors affecting the evolution of the hydrogen sulfide. There is no relation between the degree of conversion of the coals and the amount of evolved hydrogen sulfide, the total sulfur content in the initial coal, and the fraction of the sulfur transforming into the hydrogen sulfide. The addition of red sludge as a catalyst diminishes the evolution of the hydrogen sulfide.

Lignite of the Borodino deposit of the Kansk-Achinsk Basin was hydrogenated in tetralin in the presence of an iron compound applied onto the coal. The catalyst was applied from an aqueous or organic (dimethylformamide) solution. The initial iron(III) sulfate was activated on the coal with sodium sulfide or hydrogen sulfide. The degree of coal conversion, the yield of soluble fractions of the hydrogenate, and the influence of the iron concentration were determined. For swollen coal, the influence of the catalyst concentration on the conversion and yield of the products grows